ZXAppeal is a monthly
newsletter put out by the
Vancouver Sinclair Users Group.
For more information on the
group and ZXAppeal see the backcover.
iii 0i swis kk ci dam ad 9
SIR CLIVE.................. 12
MERI La nd kes e kata ke 13
A ÈS e EE 14
LE FA A eee 14
VINCE AGAIN............. 15
GL PROM ka ei 18
WL PRGM E 19
BUCO e EE 19
DICK ON JACK............. 20
2000. THUNL EE 24
BRTIUDIES a. das Da 24
QDOS EXPLAINED ........ 25
PCCFA LETTER........... 26
PCCFA NOTICE........... 27
SASL- PRGM.............. 28
SPECTRUM PRGM....... 29
AA (LS) EES 1
3
ZXWORD SOLUTION....32
...gone fishin’
EE AE elt e e EE ie, EE EC EM
The last time we spoke I was asking how
you'd enjoyed the winter. Now I'm
asking how'd your summer go? Weil time
does fly by. As most of you know, I'm
passing on the Editor's Baton after
this issue. Not because I no longer
enjoy putting the n/i together but
because of the frustration that comes
from not being able to produce a n/I of
the standard I try to keep to. This is
mainly due to a lack of new material.
Because I enjoy the n/1 I'm more than
willing to assist whoever wants to have
a shot a being the n/l Editor. With
all that said we do have a bundle of
good contributions for this issue:
Harvey did not let us down and is here
with a number of interesting things:
Guido tells us about his adventures in
MSDOS-land; Vince is along with two
nice articles - adding a Serial Port to
the ZX81, and one about something
called a Cross Assembler; Gerd relates
his visit to a Sinclair QL Fair in
Germany this summer; Marie comes in
with a really neat article for all
those who just aren't sure where they
are; the PCCFA is along with notice of
their up-coming fair; and we have a big
bunch of other good stuff including an
article about Sir C's latest forays as
well as some very interesting reprints
from the exchange n/ls. All in all it
should be a fun time.
Thanks, it's been fun,
KKK KR KKK KKK KE KKK KEK KKK KK KK KKK KKK KF
PITS PUR co wick E EE E
...it is reported that the Milwaukee TS
Fair was very well done with a small
but very enthusiastic crowd of about
120 turning out for the two days in
early June. Apparently the vendors did
better business than the previous year
at the Capital Fest in Washington, D.C.
There is talk of next years event being
back in the mid-west.
...Jack Dohany wrote to advise that his
constant meddling with WordMaster has
resulted in Version 2.@. The original
WM blow my socks off when I came upon
it in Australia but little did I
realize what would result after
introducing Jack “ta. it. at the. DE,
Fair. Jack has done a superb job of
upgrading an already fine program. Now
it's only incredible!
2
program
..would you believe a CD-ROM for a
Sinclair machine? Word out of Britain
says that a software house has put 30
of their best Spectrum games onto a
standard CD which is loaded into a
Spectrum from a standard CD player. The
fit includes the CD player to Spectrum
connecting cable, cassette tape of MC
to boost baud rate of the
Speccy to match the CD,program
instructions for the 30 games, and the
CD.
...UPDATE MAGAZINE has a new captain.
After three years of being a
one-man-band and now looking forward to
the chance to resume his other loves,
Bill Jones has handed the helm over to
Frank Davis of the Indiana Sinclair
Timex User Group. Frank has been the
editor of the ISTUG newsletter and also
has been responsible for the previous
Mid-West TS get-togethers. Frank and
his lovely wife Carol together will be
bringing us UPDATE MAGAZINE quarterly
starting with the July'96 issue.
Everyone interested in Timex and
Sinclair machines should subscribe to.
UPDATE! Only $18.00 US a year (maybe a
little more in Canada). Write to:
UPDATE MAGAZINE, P.O. Box 1095 PERU, IN
46970, U.S.A.
...Nigel Serle has come
rather neat marketing plan.
with a
If one is
of computer:
up
in the market for any kind
hardware or other stuff one calls Nigel
for the best price. He takes your
credit card number and quotes the
lowest price available for the product.
If you want to go with his price you
pay Nigel 1% of the total as his fee
and he puts you in touch with the
dealer offering the price. If you don't
you say no thanks and hang up with no
further cost to you. Apparently Nigel
maintains a very large database of
products, dealers and prices from all
over the continent.
...the latest issue of Sinc-Link the
n/l of the Toronto UG was received - in
my view it has to be the most
professionally produced newsletter
around. Chock full of new material,
with emphasis on the LARKEN dos..
Latest issue had to be THIRTY-FIVE
pages!
...the Johnson City, NY, TS User Group
has gone over to MSDOS. Their n/1l,
SINCUS, has folded after eight years.
...The Las Vegas UG's n/l still looks
good,(produced on an MSDOS machine),
but is more MSDOS than Sinclair.
...the Plotter; the n/1 of the CCAT/S
_——_— = m =
fo. e
that
his
Larry Kenny is
DTP program and
utilize the Sequential
Access facility of his LARKEN
The DTP program will include
a 55,900 word spelling checker. Hope
Larry runs his docs through the
spelling checker.
..the grandaddy of TS user groups in
North America, the Sinclair Timex User
Group of the Boston Computer Society
has folded due to high costs of
belonging to the BCS and sagging
interest. BUT, like the Phoenix, they
have arisen from their own ashes as the
New England QL User Group.
.word from across the pond indicates
that all is not well with the Spectrum
emulating SAM computer, extensively
reported on here in the April/89 issue.
It is said that after a rocky
introduction of the machine, sales were
jw,
©
Ui
|
S
not as brisk as was hoped resulting in
Miles Gordon Technologies calling in
the receivers. Hope this is not so as
the SAM uas the first exciting thing to
come along on the British: computing
Scene for a long time.
little hard to
computer mag
Sinclair User
mentions
.now this one is a
understand but a British
reports that the Danish
Magazine "Sinclair Freakeren"
the existence of a ZX-81 emulator for
the -Atari ST. An ST that thinks it's a
2K ZX? Bizarre! Same magazine reports
that a Hard Drive is now available for
the Spectrum.
KKKK KKK KK KKK KK KK KKK KKK KEK KK KK KKK KKK X. X.
RENEWING MEMBERS:
last reported the following
have renewed:
Since
members
Aurel Boisvert,Ken Gamey,Rusty Townsend
Neil Trylsson,Warren Jackson,Harry Slot
Real Gagnon,James Hunkins,Ken Abramson,
‘Harvey Taylor,Hugh Polley, Eric Sakara,
Bob Barnett,Doug Jeffery,Ike Walker,
Marie Kendall,Chung Chow, Ken Grant,
John Sampson,Al Albrecht,Seward Warner.
Lionel Keeping,Larry Anderson,
NEW MEMBERS:
John Regan, Kelowna, B.C.
Nick Nicholis, Terrebonne, Que
Ron Desind, North Miami, Florida
KEK KKK KKK K KKK KEK KKK KKK KK KK KKK KKKKKKKKS
..meeting dates
| . SEPT/90 ` A
vin
: is A1
1415 B HP
ZE
Wës
MEETING DATES FOR 1990-91:
September 14
October 12
November 9
December 14
January 11
February 8
March 8
April 12
May 10
June 14
March 9/90 Minutes
-by your humble scribe
We were back downstairs again for this
meeting ‘cause the kids took over upstairs
again. At 19:25, when Gerd arrived, there
were 12 stalwart sorts present. The meeting
was subtly shifted towards telecomm; Glenn
Read had a monstrous old terminal he had
brought in. The joke was the built-in
microwave oven for the midnight hacker.
Early in the meeting it was mentioned that
there was an interesting article on hacking in
the March/90 Harper's magazine. Harry Slot
relayed the difficulties of using a modem with
a party line. The old “neighbour who thinks
the phone is broken ‘cause of the modem
tones" syndrome. Rusty Townsend told of the
difficulties he was having getting a 2400 baud
modem to work with some BBS's. There was
a lot of discussion of error protocols and
modem standards while trying to suss out an
answer. Harvey passed on a modem booklet
[Data Communication Concepts] which he
got free from USR through Byte magazine.
There was an article in the Vancouver Sun
about User Groups which included a few
quotes from Gerd. Gerd enjoyed giving us his
version of the interview as opposed to what
got printed in the paper.
Rusty told us about the computer fair in
Kent, Oregon. There was a discussion on the
PCCFA.
Rod Humphreys did not make the meeting,
so there was no Editor or Treasurer's
report.(Bad back popped up, or is that
out?...Ed.)
The hardware SIG reports that not much
is going on. An eprom eraser & a universal
power supply have been built.
Harry reports the 1000 library is in "a hell
of a mess." There are tapes missing. He is
sorting the tapes before producing a listing.
Gerd says the book library is looking for
lenders.
Vince told us about the Sinclair program
section on the Frog Hollow BBS
[(604)469-0264]. He is putting files up there
constantly, I notice. This report turned into a
general discussion on BBS's.
At about this point, Glenn Read fired up his
terminal with a null loop and started playing
with it. As one-on-one conversations became
the rule, the meeting evolved into a gabfest
around the hardware.
May 11/90 Minutes
-by your 'umble scribe
It was somehow so very anti-climactic.
During the preceding month I have had
several "what is going to become of VSUG"
conversations and I had the impression that
the club was going to unravel this month.
Well it didn't happen. As a matter of fact, the
topic was not even raised. As another matter
of fact, it is now appropriate, I believe, to
raise the question of just what VSUG is going
to evolve into? Further, the fact that Rod is
going to do one final ZXAppeal, brings a
certain urgency to the matter. Whether this is
simply a willful blindness which will pass or a
recognition that we have generated a rather
unique group of electronics enthusiasts who
have much to share, it is undeniable that the
Sinclair component of our raison d'etre is
receding. During meetings it is not
uncommon to see Osbornes, KayPro's &
Harry's hardware; while in our homes nearly
everyone has MS-DOS, CP/M, Amiga or
Atari equipment.
For these reasons, I am brought to the
ultimate heresy for a mere scribe; namely
reporting not only what happened, but also
what was thought.
(This latter portion will be called the
Virtual Minutes, in deference to my dearly
departed memory which will be paged in from
disk momentarily.)
When I arrived, there were a dozen or so
folk sitting around the table. We were
upstairs in the boardroom again. Most of the
meeting was of an informal nature; groups of
two or four pursuing particular topics.
Minutes June 8/99
— — oh
When Gerd arrived at 19:58, there were
14 hardy souls present. The first item Gerd
raised was the upcoming non-PCCFA fair at
MacPherson Centre. How was it? Gerd also
brought with him some roll-ends of FAX
paper to dispense to the masses.
Rod Humphreys says we have $1K+, “All
the money we need & everything is fine!". As
Editor, Rod is doing one more newsletter and
that's it. You may send your articles to Rod
via Frog Hollow BBS (604)469-0264.
Harry Slot of the HW-SIG brought in a
universal power supply he'd crafted. It is
difficult to capture the essence of a Harry Slot
creation. First of all, it is mounted in a
custom-made case - Harry has a metal
workshop in his backyard. The back of the
case is extensively heatsinked [heatsunk?].
The front of the case sports dual power
meters as well as an LCD screen voltage
readout. There are numerous ranges to
choose from, both variable as well as fixed
voltages. The impression created is that of
overwhelming attention to detail.
As 1000 librarian, Harry has been going
through the tapes. There was a seven page
handwritten list of titles passed around. He
reports many missing. He is also greatly
displeased with the "quality, or rather the lack
of same" of the library. Rod H. suggested that
folks restock the 1000 library from their own
collections.
At this point, the informal meeting broke
through and various folks got into their
personal interests. Guido had his Osborne.
He is looking at setting up a BBS when he
gets an IEEE-488 bus controlled hard disk.
-by your HUMBLE scribe
I got to the meeting late,
cause Glenn Read A
I got to talking. When we arrived at 19:55, Gerd
opened the meeting. There were 12 stalwarts
present. Gerd started off with the Great Wes Yale
auction. This went on throughout the meeting. Wes
had a bunch of 20680 stuff to be disposed of &
various homes for these items were found,
with
only a little haggling & very few outright
threats.
The hardware SIG is going to have custody of
the club ZX81 system.
Rusty Townsend missed the Kent swap meet after
all; the lure of Reno caught bis eye...
There was some discussion over the fact that
Rod Humphreys is stepping down as Editor.
Rod is
discouraged because there is a chronic lack of
material to put into the newsletter. Some people
seem to think that things will just go on even if
they don't do anything. There was a rounbd of
applause for Rod, who was absent.
Marie mentioned that she has joined the TO club.
They have a good 2068 library.
Their newsletter,
SincLink is supposed to be quite good.
The auction was taken up in earnest. Wes came
out of it $89 richer.
No meeting until Sept.
14.
Sinclair QL - Alive l in Germany
which
last
invitation,
me during our
attended the Znd
meeting on June 23rd
Germany on my recent
trip to that country. The show was
held in an old castle and was well
attended. I was welcomed as an invited
guest by Mr. Detlev Lazar, meeting
organizer and QL magazine
publisher/editor, and his staff. The
meeting was well set up in five areas:
reception (admission charge collection
and club magazine sales); vendor tables
(12 vendors, soft- and hardware items);
club tables (10 different demo setups);
lecture room; and bar. "QUASAR", the
club magazine of the Sinclair QL User
Group e.V. (Germany), is published
quarterly, the most recent issue being
#23, dated June 20,1990. It contains 50
pages average, is bound in a soft
cardboard cover and contains
editorials, articles, hard- and
software reviews, discussions of club
interests, reader dialogues, and a
small ad section. It is easy
and well laid out. The magazine is
published in German and copyright
protected. Interested readers please
contact:
SINCLAIR QL USER GROUP e.V.
Sophienstr. 9
4040 Neuss 1
West Germany
Harvey's
ed on to
club meeting, I
International QL
in Bedburg Castle,
to read.
Some News highlights from the 2 most
recent issues:
-Brand new QL's c/u Psion software
package available for £65 from the
British firm EEC (phone 44 753 8888560)
-Production of QL microdrive cartridges
has ceased
-Neu QL ROM available - it is caiied
"MINERVA'
I met two gentiemen from Miracle
Systems who were selling their wares at
the meeting and purchased a parallel
printer interface from them for my QL.
The European serial ports require a
never-seen-here in-line 6 pin plug with
Side clip hook for retention. I was
provided with the pin-out for a DB 9
connector and was therefore able to
adapt the interface to DB 9. My FUJITSU
printer in Epson mode failed to
respond, my ADMATE thermal printer
works, but refuses to respond to any
control codes. I also tried to finda
“SCHOEN QL replacement keyboard, with
real keys, which had been made in
Germany but found that they are no
longer available. There is an ad for a
secondhand unit in the latest QUASAR -
I did not make an enquiry.
S page article in QUASAR No. 22 on
building your own A/D converter which
connects to the QL rom port. If there
is enough interest in this project from
VSUG members, I'll check with the
publisher on their policy re.
translating it into English.
“SHOE
YEAU THESE OLDACME 295
WILL TO THIS... JUS LIKE THEM
1 JBM 4026 AND APPLE I's...
Von
WITH A FORD 299.
There is a.
Playing with Electricity
-June 18/90
-Harvey Taylor
I have been wondering about writing an article about online
mannerisms which might puzzle the beginner. With Rod only doing one
more issue, it would seem that if I am going to do it, Now is the time.
As the computing community moves toward a WorldNet, a cyberspace type
of construct in which any computer can tap into world wide data networks,
(probably via an extended ISDN), there will be changes in the sorts of
data presented to the user. Meanwhile we have primarily a 7 bit character
(0-128 ascii) text network. New users carry various fears into their
interactions with these systems; fear of wrecking the machine, of damaging
the network, fear of looking dumb. Probably the best advice is that
on the outside of the Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy ie. Don't Panic.
One of the characteristics of communicating online is that you don't
have any independent method of determining the other person's emotional
state. All you have to Ho by is the words on your screen k sometimes
words are ambiguous or in some way unintentionally inflammatory. It is
very easy to &et into quite heated arguments, called flame wars, as a
result of this.
One method which the online community has generated to deal with
this situation is the smiley face. :-) This is supposed to represent an
emotional state via two eyes, a nose k a big smile turned sideways.
When somebody says something potentially cutting which is meant in a
humorous manner, the intent can be tempered with a smiley face.
However people being people, a few other variants have been generated.
>=) Humor - this is the one that started it all GA
:3 Ear to ear grin l
(: Same, but for people that are backwards
SI Mustache
GEN Smiling robot
8) Frog
>:-) Devilish smile
(7) Wearing shades
2-) )-: Masking theatrical comments
:«) For tbose with hairy lips
S Che ‘For those with beards too
TS. Not funny
”-) Wink
There are alot more £ you can find files full of them online. Another
idiosyncrasy which throws beginners is the penchant of modemmers to use
acronyms. The only reason I can see for these is that a lot of computer
users are poor typists. ;-)
TOGOYC - the out group of your choice TTUI. - talk to you later
HHOS ~ HA HA ONLY SERIOUS CUL - see you later
LOL - laughing out load WRT - with regard to
ROTF - rolling on the floor IMO - in my opinion
b4 - before IMHO — in my humble opinion
CU 18tr - see you later IMNSHO - in my not so humble opinion
MORF - Male or Female? TINAR - this is not a review [Bix]
TTFN - tata for now TANSTAAFL - there ain't no such thing as a free lunch
OIC ~ Oh, I see MCIBTYC - my computer is better than your computer
rehi — hello again
From Timex to IBM: The confessions of a User.
orc e Guido Vieira
Yes, it's true. I've got an IBM. My own IBM. There
are now eleven computers in our household. Four
Timex/Sinclair 2068s (only one works), three Apple IIs
(only two of work), an Osborne I (the first portable
computer ever made, running on operationg system
many times better than MSDOS called CP/M), a Radio
Shack MC-10 ( A small color computer, it's only virtue
being that it has an RS-232 interface), and two IBM AT
Clones. Both have 1 meg of RAM. Both have two disk
drives: a 5.25"and a 3.5", both high density, on one, and
a 3.5 normal density on the other. Both run at around
12mhz. The catch is that one cost over $1200, and the
other just under $300.
Ok, ok. I'll admit that the one my father purchased
has a VGA card and monitor (for all those uninitiated
into the MSDOS world, that means graphics (in this
case) of about 800 x 600 by 256 colors, enabling you to
display gorgeous girls or guys (depending on your
preference) or fancy cars in full photographic quality.
Note:That's actaully the only thing that impresses me
on an IBM system. The ability to display all of those...
ahem...pictures that I occasionaly run accross.), and a 40
meg hard drive. Oh yes, a power supply that works too.
But that's it. For the price I paid, I even got a mouse.
And, of course, as John Brohman recently pointed out
in a message to me on the Frog Hollow BBS, if I "get all
of my softwear through the usual channels like a good
. T/S user, then [ I'll ] end up paying only for the
hardware". I won't say any more, since this is going
into print...
Anyhow, many of you might be wondering exactly
why I am telling you all of this. So, I've got an IBM.
I'm a turncoat. I've gone and done the unspeakable.
I've finally broken down, in the face of new and
ultimately more expensive (notice I don't say better)
technology, and gone to a (don't say it!) 16 bit machine
(ARRRGH! I told you not to say it). But, let's face it, I
have, do, and always will, hate (with a passion) IBM
related computers and products. I have always despised
their hack and slash approach to things, and certainly
never appreciated a machine that was character based
(the Osborne was, but it ran CP/M, and this has many,
many, philisophical implications which I won't get
into right now. (altough I might refer you to a text
called "Zen and the Art of CP/M BIOS Calls")). What
I'm trying to say is......what I mean is..... I'm not a
turncoat....well I am....but I'm not..the darn things are
cheap! ...well read this and figure it out for yourself...
....It all began on the Sinclair Meeting on May 11th.
Some of you may notice that the 11th comes just before
the 12th. A somewhat signifcant point in this case.
Anyhow, I had brought my trusty (and infinatly wise)
Osborne to the meeting, where it sat attracting some
attention. I mentioned to Harvey Taylor that I was
trying to get a BBS up (as I have been for the past four
or five years!), and that I was looking at softwear and a
hard drive interface for the machine. This drifted into
a casual conversation about different computers. I
expressed my fanatical devotion to the Macintosh. At
one point, however Harvey said something like "but
then, you could always break down and get the
unmentionable...". I laughed. He meant an IBM, and I
had this picture of me at an IBM keyboard. I laughed at
the unthinkable.
On May 12th I found myself at the swap meet. This
was a huge skating rink filled with computer vendors
and the products they wanted to get rid of. I was happy `
that day, because I had a line on a Kaypro II (which I
was going to have a look at and hopefully buy), but I
thought that I'd just drop by and have a look at the
swap anyway.
‘Much to my disappointment, it was all IBM with an
itzy bit of Macintosh splattered in places. I was
annoyed. No CP/M stuff. Then I noticed the prices. Oh
the prices! My Timx/Sinclair instincts kicked in (ie:
when you see a good deal grab it, regardless of how
much junk you have in the house). I had brought with
me $200 for the Kaypro II, but asked myself one
question: Could I, with only $200, actually put together `
a complete IBM system? I looked around. Serial Cards
were going for $1. 360k disk drives were going for $4.
Cases were being sold at $25. Keyboards for $6. My
mind went into overdrive ( I'm sure lucky I took that
Calculus course this term....). I figured that with a little
wheeling and dealing, not only could I put together an
IBM system, but I could make it a 80286 based machine
as well and with this information, my brain reeled. I
spent the first hour appraising, and seeing if I could
actually put a cheap machine together. By the time I
was done, half of the things I had looked at, were
already gone, so I quickly scrambled to get my
components.
I first got the mother board. Since everything was
being sold in "as in" condition there was no guarantee
that anything would work. The solution: Buy in large
quantites. The MB was $50 plus $15 for a second,
identical board, so I could trouble shoot it. $25 for the
casing, which had a 5 1/4 1.2 Meg disk drive attached to
it. What a deal! I couldn't pass this one up. Ram: 512K
for $30 (I later bought 1 meg for $50 from another
place). The video and drive controlers I bought new
(but at dirt cheap prices anyways), as I figured that this
would aid in trouble shooting. I also couldn't pass up
the offer to get a 1200 baud modem. $10.
And so there I was. I had a whole system in spare
parts, blown slightly under $250 bucks into it, and I had
no idea whether it would work. But I was happy. My
mother wasn't too happy, and thought I had wasted
my money (until the screen lit up, and then she was
happy, and my dad was (I could tell), somewhat
envious because my machine not only clocked nearly
as fast has his (he's going to read this article, and I love
to rub things in), but I also got the fun of opening it up
cont'd on page 12
PLAYING WITH ELECTRICITY
—by Harvey Taylor
References
The CRT Controller Handbook — Gerry Kane
The TeleVision Engineering Handbook — K.B. Benson
DI ACK Grounded #43
PC Magazine, May 31/88
PC Hagazine, May 16/89
Byte, Sept/88
Byte, Feb/88
Computer Buyers Guide & Handbook, Aug/Sept/88
VPCUS Newsletter, April/88
Computer Shopper, July/87
Computer Shopper, Feb/88
Amazing, Oct/S8
PC Horld, Dec/88
Hodern Electronics, Jan/9@
PC Magazine, April/90
PC Magazine, May/99
PC Horld, May/99
HultiSync Honitors
In the last while I have been
HultiSync monitor for my Ami. I decided to go for
a multisync in hopes that I will be able to use
it with any future systems I may own. The table
below has a lot of holes, but I thought you might
find it of use if you are doing something
similar.
I'm going to plead laziness in defining all
the categories of the table. Not everyone shops
by specs. The references will get you started if
you want to know what these numbers mean. For a
quick read, two important ones are bandmidth (the
larger the better) and dot pitch (the smaller the
better). You should try to get a look at any
prospective monitor being used on a system
similar to yours.
shopping for a
——————————————————— (S EOI
—————— - ———————— —— ————— rara rire ———— ————————— ————————————————————— ——————————
ro
Manufacturer Model Type Size Resolution Dot Vert Freq Hor Freq Bandwidth T/S Base OTHER List Cost Discount
Pitch (Hz) (KHz) (MHz)
CEM 1958 MSYNC 14) 1024X 768 .31 58-88 5-34 X Yes US#799
MITSUBISHI - D SCAN AUMIZBIA — MSYNC 14H/13 V BA X GOB A 15.7 - 3%
ALM 1371A MSYNC 13 Baa Y 568 45-75 35 M. OPTIONAL US$ 983
HL6585TK — MSYNC 18/19V — 1804 X 768.3 38-64
HN3985ADK RK 20H/19.V — 800 X 688.31 15.7 - 35
HASI@STK — MSYNC 20H/19V — 1024 X 768 A 38 - 64
FA3415 MSYNC 1824 X 768 .28 US$ 1815
TATUNG CM 1495 OMNISCAN 14 BBa X6B A €S-73 15-5 B YES US$ B75
NEC MSYNC 2 MSYNC 13 808 X 568 .3 50-68 157-355 X3 OPTIONAL (Rep by 3D) US$ 888
MSYNC 3D — MSYNC 14 1824 X 768.28 58-9% 15.5- 38 45 US$ 1849
MSYNC 4D NSYNC 15
MSYNC SD — MSYNC n
MSYNC PLUS MSYNC 15 960 17208 .31 56-88 218-45 3/55 YE US$ 1483
MSYNC XL — MSYNC A 1824 X 768.31 56-88 21.8- 99 65 YES US$ 3208
SONY CPD1382 — MSYMC 13 900X508 .2b 580-1890 15.7- 35 25 OPTIONAL US$ 988 — US$ 707
PRINCETON ULTRASYNC MSYNC 12 B0 X6 .28 45-18 15-355 B. YES US$ 858
THOMPSON 4375M MSYNC 13 BOB X 568 45-75 35 3 YES US$ 988
MICROVITEC 1819/SP AUTISYM 2 1024 Y 588 .31 48-18 31.5 A8 US$ 2288
1819/LP AUTOSYNC 28 1824 X 1824.31 48-188 31.5 48 YES US$ 2488
CONRAC 7258 MSYNC 19 1824 X 688 48-58 3 48 US$ 3838
ELECTROHOME ECH 1318 MSYNC 13 728 X 548 47-85 AA 3 US$ 1208
ECM 1312. MSYNC 13 728 X 348 47-85 A A LONG PERS US$ 1200
ECM 1918 — MSYNC 19 1824 X 512 47-85 3 3 OPTIONAL LONG PERS US$ 2888
LOGITECH TE 5155. AUTOSYNC 13 BOB X 568 45-88 3 A8 YES US$ 728
NANAD DOS, FLEXSCAN 13 820 X 620 .28 50-88 3 3 YES US$ 928
9868S FLEYSCAN 13 1824 X 768 .28 50-88 YES US$ 1859
9878S FLEXSCAN — 16 1824 X 768 .28 58-88 20-50
TAXAN 778 FLUS — MULTIVISIONI4 648 X 488 30-30 3 3 OPTIONAL US$ 628
SAMSUMG CN 4551 — MSYKC 14 728 X 488.31 YES US$ 429
SEIKO CH-1448 MSYNC 14 1824 X 768 .25 YES US$ B99
RELISYS RESISS MSYNC BBO X 688 A YES US$ 799
PANASONIC C151 PANASYNC BOB X 688 .28 YES US$ 899
LEADING TECHNOLOGY — 14324 MSYNC 1024 X 768 A YES US$ 495
ANDEK AM/738 SMARTSCAN 3l YES US$ B35
————————————————
1824 X 768 .
The 25/T3S Serial Lin LO dissisemble Mel programs into text
Files for rewritting on the DC,
Bu i. Lee - Hini desktop publishing for writing
article for the club newletter. Send
There sre mang advantages in asddinz A COPY, LLIST and LPRINT contents to PC
serial port to a ZZXSl-TS1880. It slisuwe ror editing and for inserting text
tne Computer to use other devices which - Transfer Z24-TS BASIC programs to the
bave a serial port, | Such az Odes PC Where it can be edited to run.
Spron programmers, serial printer ete.
Hid since computers: haue serial ports, We'll also look st how to program the
it must also be possible to connect two Serial port and tru to write our oun
ZX/T&8 together, each thinking the other "sort of" 1208+ band terminal program.
WAS a modem. OF connect a ZX/T5 te a GL And we'll even change some of the ROM
an Hpple of an Amiga, How about acing routines,
mainztream and connecting it ta a
EE UN E "udo c or tao z should stress a warning at this time
ZOMHZ | hit nat , beginner’ s Projec ct s
BN Ge ugh there ceemz He
AITACTUFErs are not
The trick is to nou which fit
connect, e are different type
Serial ports, R3422, Rides, R3d4a
name a few, but the ones that we us
see in the consumer market is the R5232,
And even Within this group, zome Hy and What
nanufacturers have chosen their oun minimize ern"o
types o£ connectors which creates transmission
LL D ka
LU k in
Un
i
St
Hith that in mind, TOU some theory.
deet? It if used to
mm aata cable
ed by electrical noise
a La, om
ke EE
d
^^ mmm me
different pir out arrangements. To beer sid cable cass it nce, This is
some sort of standard, our project will sccomplished bu using a wider voltage
be to link the ZX-TS to a PC compatible sing, A logic high is -3 to Se units
Coin E uter a d r 1 i i ea l mg i C i Ghi = +3 T (e +i un i tz z
The requirements for the PC if that it
must haue a R3232 serial port and S There are several important key points
communications program. If you're Lo nremembsr:;
locking for software, the Vancouver deg Ee us t bouem di
Public Library down on Burrard and the | s pp Le M Ce Sg
Les DE A pa iare 4 = EA 4 £ e 8 AU uc. o ki A Sng tas
ees tas EE . CE, data communications equipment.
your formatted S 174" 36GK or 1. dAn ce, riie
diskettes and det copies af hat. gott
need, You might also want to pick up GT DCE
gard Proccezczson Program and a program ' originate on Connect directiu
alled "Pseudosam Cross Assembler sar receive digital to iens line
and a5. informatian
The requirements for the ZZX-T32 if that pe entre
it Will be running the communications idea dizpiz
program ZIX-Termese@ and using the termi
Hectridge TS52859 or equivalent, E3232 zerial in
serial port. Other serial porte can also
ke use Such as the Memotech and the
Hades
multi Pplexerz
"rn vie rg er ate er ate ane afe afe mp fr uu
Pute-Easck, but all of the examples will DEZSP i; DB2SS
be given for the Hestridge. In additon Gun 2, ( Pin 3,
WE will be writing some o£ our oun -2u to -15u i -2Y to -154
routines and adding in a memoru upgrade, t
Hhat will this allow us to do?
- store ZX-T35 programs from cassettes to 2. The DCE serial port is the exact
floppies Signal opposites of the DTE serial port,
1 ='£
— Save ZASTS ramdisk contents to even though each pin on the DCE
Flappies, connectonr uses the same names as those
- lise the PC ta call ZX BRS, taking on the DTE. This allows the DCE
advantage o£ the higher baud rates and cennector to be connected directly te
allowing more than one program to be the DTE, Pin for pin.
donup loaded. Transfer programs ouer Ze The DTE uses a 25 pin plug connector
to the ZA;/T2 later, called the DB2SP while the DCE uses a 25
- Hrite bid relocated Z4/TS machine code pin socket connector called the DË,
erograns through the PC. Or use HOT-I 9
d, Of the 25 pins, below if a list
all af the signal lines reauired to `
connect DTE to BCE. The other pins
either unassign or not used in
micracamputer applicationz. These pins
are numbered on the connectors,
This Chart would be an example ar
cannecting an auto answer modem YO E]
computer, Pin 22 is not required if thc
modem if not auto answer, The directions
of the signals is also Shown.
to to
PIH DTE DCE DESCRIPTION SYHEGL
i frame ground FG
= --—» transmitted data HE
3 -= received data RE
d ——; request to send RTS
= L — clear ta send CTS
5 Zon data set. ready DSR
# signal ground SG
= -— data carrier detect DID
ze ——; data terminal reads DTE
zz d ring indicator RI
= 1 Gd of identifuirn
£ ta the voltages an
Pins 2 and 3 wit t to around an
pin £y. DIE will Show SU ta 154 an pin 2
kihile DCE Wili show it on pin 3.
a
5. A more accura
he group i
ZS ct
Connecting DTE to DTE means that the
ble Hill have to direct the Signals
fm one connector ta the proper points
he other connector. Below would be
gr of sone ane a BA ao a
m zi 4^ “> n “
CH T
wee
Lab ct
ct ln mu Ob cn
TQ TO SND
FIH SYHEOL DTE DTE PIN 2'YHEDOL
1 FG nu F6 o —
= HS -- 3 RD
= RD dn 2 TO
4 ETS -— = CTS
9 CIS -— 4 ETI
6.2 DSR, GOD c— Si DTE
z SIE 7 SIE
SM DTR din 6,3 DSR,DCD
lan make this project Simpler bu
sing ang OF the “handshaking
Kë. Our serial port will be hard
red inte thinkins that the other port
iye rezdy. The only = signals thz
Will required then iz pin 7 for
Und. pin z for transmitting data an
3 for receiving data.
-< D
Mm gwat su
z
m go
LLLI yo
e M LA + E
S it fr a pwi 1
teh.
A dd "
D
ki +
zi a
m
= first order of bitrine
an a T220560 or equivalen
Serial port. Rather than converting a
Berfectiu good modem, there were mana
Surplus boards available zt one time
that uou might want to track down. Jim
Horne had quite a few the laft time I
Spoke with him. Wilf Righter has
designed an excellent eauivalent circuit
Hhich Would ice a great project. tHint
for the hardware group.)
c Westridge T35g858 modem asctuall:
E bre af tum parts. It contains a
serial eg which formats the £ bit wide
data ta gem through a single stream and
a modem Chip which converts this ztream
into tanes which can travel through tire
telephone lines.
"TL
Oe
Tic
* a
2 convert the T328058 into a serial
part, We tap the required signals from
the 3251 serial Chip and feed them to
level translating chips Which changes
them ta RS232 levels. Using the neu
Manazse IC helps simplify the
Dens tric cons It contains tio output
ransmitters and two input receivers
With its awn built in voltage converter.
The completed port would be DTE because
of the directions of the handshaking
Signals if they were uted.
We can alsa program the HC14569
counter ta allow the port to operat.
cg, san, 128¢, 2480 or 4386 baud. Th
topic Wil] be covered in the next
installment but here's a brief
explaination to allow you to experiment.
Both ZA-Terms+e@ and Mini Xmod
automatically sets the serial chip’s
mode word to 73, This establishes the
serial protocal to 3 data bits, l stor
bit With no parity and its internal
“divide by clock" to 64. Changing the
dip switch setting for the MCIJS69 will
allow the port to operate at 2G8 or sae
baud.
mode
wore (Dec)
m
baud
rate
dip
switch (Bini
TT TIT GRA argu
unnreiisbhlce
ro lileie2sga sog
SS Gal TET aa KSC
SE GGETTIBIB . Pave
ra paparia icu
73 aellueiass so
yo GeeTi aig Saü
But if We use the mode word F3, this
Still allows the same format but sets
its internal “divide bu clack" to 18.
Cnengind the dip switch setting, the
port can now operate at 3898, 12800, 2466
or^ dau baud.
HL S6GG baud we run into difficulty as
errors appear in the exchange. Hore
experiments will be needed in this ares.
Here we use the mode word of 77 whith
Sets its internal “divide by clock" to
a,
a general rule, the Z-T mist be
ifi thé fast mode in order to operate
without error st baud rates higher thar
cdd. We’l] look into this Situation more
closely ifi a Future article.
Unfortunately the modem Circuitry itrelr
355 been designed to operate oniy at 388
baud, le“ ll report if ue can zomehou
ifiprave an this.
There if a Wiring error on some GF
these boards. ?4Ccpa Pin li, zhould be
connected to MOTI4412 pin 12 while PCS
pin ic, should be connected to S251 Sin
23, I'ue come across a Couple of poards
Where These connections are reverced
Which prevents the modem circuitry fran
Working properly,
If you're using the serial port for
other applications which might require
NCC
D li
HANDSRAKING
LINES
CUT TRACE TO
PIN "m 22 16V
ADD JUMPERS
8 POSITION pip
SWITCH
1 Zu Da KI
DC Dt
1 of the handshaking lines, another
woe ID wil] be required, Instead C
na the tuo Jumpers the four
haking Signals From the 5251 will
oe brought out to the connector
rez will still have to be Citi. Fit
PTR and pin 23, RTS which are
Puts wil] each be connected to a
Pant er Hhile Pin z2, DSR and gin
a, CTS HE are inputs wil] each be
ectec a receiver, Refer to the
sboue DTE tò DCE or DTE to DTE charts
for correct pin out and cable
arrangements, zee the article in the
Janes issue o£ ZA-Arpeal for additional
informatii. It originally sppeared in
the iacu: une issue of Sincus News.
z in the article, a switch can ) be
AA ye to allou the T520580 t
both az a port or af a modem. dus
remember to unplua it "from the pi
line When uou are uzind it as
since the modem cinrcuitries ar
active,
I haven’t yet kad the opportunitu to
est a TS2853 with the serial port, But
too Should operate quite comfortebiu
488 baud and should operate a i288
aud modem With no problems at ali
joula" if alwaus a big word.
ki
Te
me bi
al
sa, Ld
——
“W. fwè. '
keet
ach:
"AG "xc
ctam ft
M et nt:
"m
Next. time, we'll lock at Prag amin: na.
DTE CONNECTING CABLE DCE
TS oer CONNECT
0625s
CONNECTING CABLE. HIE
pB25S pB25.S € one]
SERIAL PRINTER
CUT TRACES TO ISSOLATE
PINS 3,8,5 6, ti 12, 13, 14
AND MAKE THESE New
CONNECTIONS.
RECONNECT PI
PI
Mci4569
ti
THATS THE PROMISE OF CLIVE SINCLAIR
AND HIS HYPER-RISC' PROCESSOR
PARALLELISM FOR ALL?
LIVE SINCLAIR IS AT IT
again. The indefatigable Sir
Clive now says he is going to “bring
parallel computing within reach of ev-
eryone” with a radical processor chip
from Sinclair Research Ltd. of London.
Sir Clive says the design objectives
include processing 200 million instruc-
tions per second, and emulation of any
standard processor—including those
from Intel Corp. and Motorola Inc.
“There are single-processor com-
puters and there are parallel arrays,”
he says. “Our new chip is designed
to do both.” He classifies it as a
"hyper-RISC" processor. A feature is
"Transputer-like" communications
ports that will allow any number of
the chips to run in parallel.
“It’s a full custom chip, not a gate
array, with a lot of new technology.
It has custom RAM and custom
ROM, and both are far faster than
anything that has been done be-
fore," says Sir Clive.
“Its basically a 32-bit chip," he ex-
plains. "We have put a lot of work into
making fast adders and other process-
ing elements, and especially on-chip
RAM: We designed it to have a 3-to-4-
ns access time. The chip handles its
own memory management," Sir Clive
says, "and has on-chip video drive and
input-output circuits, so it's truly a one-
chip solution."
Sir Clive says that "various tricks"
allow efficient use of external RAM: "It
accesses external memory in page
mode. That way it can address multiple
banks of memory using just 32 pins
and there is no limit on the amount of
memory it can handle," he states.
The technique also provides very
fast access to program instructions, Sir
Clive says. "We can pull off instructions
very, very fast because they are only 8
bits long and we can queue them on
the chip. Also on the chip we have a
very-high-speed ROM for subroutines
that can store macros." This on-chip
ROM code is what will give its emula-
tion capability, Sir Clive says—the chip
could be set up to use the same in-
struction code as industry-standard
CPUs. "We will do with software what
others do with hardware," he asserts.
Other features used to increase
speed, hold power down, and keep
the chip within a 300-by-300-mils die
area include the use of "stacked, bal-
anced logic." The design uses logic
swings of just 100 mV and claims an
ELECTRONICS * JULY 1990
and fiddling with it under the hood (not to say that dad
didn't have fun. He put the initial system together,
and I fell into my usual role of mad scientist's
assistant. However I can't really complain. The thing
works). Anyhow, next time (if there is a next time), I'll
go into it little more about how you could possibly
manage to do the same if you like, and just in time for
the upcoming Pacific Coast Computer Swap in
September. I'm planning to upgrade to a 386 with 80
meg Hard Drive. And all for less than another $300.
Smile.
12
equivalent switching speed of 100 ps,
although that is achieved by stacking
multiple instructions in ROM.
"And on top of that we are using
self-timing. It's self-clocking and it runs
at its own speed. When it talks to the
outside world it's clocked, but internal-
ly it runs as fast as it can. And that is a
considerable advantage. Normally you
design for the slowest possible gate so
everything else runs a lot slower than it
could do."
Key technology for the device is a
1.0-um version of the collector diffu-
sion isolation (CDI) low-power bipolar
process developed at the Manchester,
UK, laboratories of Plessey Semicon-
ductors—work that was started by Fer-
ranti Electronic Components Ltd. be-
fore its 1987 merger with Plessey.
“We could not make this chip with
CMOS because the charge and dis-
charge times are too high to get the
speed and the power consumption
would be far higher than the bipolar
device,” says Sir Clive. “So this really
does have a huge advantage over.
CMOS. Plus, of course, there are far
fewer mask layers in the process—
the minimum is five for CDI but of
course there are several metal layers
so its around nine—still very low
compared with modern CMOS, per-
haps half the number.”
No introduction date has been set
because the chip, now in first silicon,
must go through a few more silicon it-
erations. However, Sir Clive says he in-
tends to offer the design for licensing
and the device for general sale. What
Sinclair Research intends to use it for is
a closely guarded secret—but the hints
are that it is a mass-market personal
computer application. D
A
LATITUDE and LONGITUDE in B.Z.
l
From: M.Kendall
Did you know that every B.C. Hydro power pole bears its
longitude and latitude? On every pole there is a small metal
plate, located at eye level, containing a series of numbers in
two lines. The one behind our house in Vancouver reads as
follows:
4311 4913 0008
201 534
To decode the plate:
The first four numbers tell us the longitude. Since all
parts of B.C. have longitude greater than 110 degrees west of
Greenwich, the "i" has been dropped. So 2311 means a longitude
of 123 degrees, 11 minutes. The second set of numbers gives us
the latitude which is 49 degrees, 13 minutes. The third set of
numbers in the fiirst line refer to the B.C. Hydro location map
and can be ignored.
If you want precise measurements for astronomical or
other purposes such as surveying you turn to the second line of
numbers. These are correction values, and here, once again, a
digit "O" has been dropped , this time from the end of each set.
The pole on our lane is 2010 feet west and 5340 feet north of
the latitude and longitude described in the first line.
Ap one second of longitude is equal to 66.6 feet, and
one second of latitude is equal to 101.3 feet, to obtain the
precise position to the nearest second of arc, divide the
appropriate sets of numbers by those amounts.
le. 2010/66.6 and 340/101 2
This gives the exact position of the B.C. Hydro pole on
our lane as: Longitude 123 degrees, 11 mins., 30.18 secs.
Latitude 49 degrees, 13 mins., 52.71 secs.
Reprinted in the Province, Sunday Magazine, Sept.28/80
from NOVA, the newsletter of the Vancouver Centre of the Royal
Astronomical Society.
13
FROM YOUR VICE-PREZ.
Our past news-letters have contained
some uncomplimentary remarks about
the quality of service provided by
our postal service.
Now I'd like to say that they can
get it together once in a while.
The March news-letter was posted at
our local post office on Friday,
March 2 at 5 p.m.
Many of our members in the Lower
Mainland received it on the
following Monday! It was also
delivered on that Monday to a member
in Parksville ( that's a 3-hour
drive and a 2-hour ferry ride from
here).
You can't expect to get it done much
better than that.
I'd like to hear from some of our
more distant members as to when they
got their copy deliverd.
The March news-letter made reference happily browsed at the Swap Meet
to an article I wrote on a computer
fair to be held in Kent, Wash., USA.
Unfortunately it didn't get printed
as our Editor managed to lose it.
I did spread the details around to
those who attended our March
meeting. For those who might like
to attend upcoming ones there,
here's the scoop.
AM Computer Swap Meet
Kent Commons(a community hall)
525 4th Avenue North
Kent, Washington.
24-hour Info (206)874-8711
9 am to 5pm again on
June 2, Sept 8, & Dec 8.
I drove down with my wife on March
17 to visit the last one, left her
for several hours at South Center
Mall while I carried on to Kent and
for some time. Saw absolutely
nothing in the Timex or Sinclair
line but did pick up several items
of Apple and IBM-compatible
software at about 5% of their
Original price for myself and some
other misguided friends.
Upon my return to South Center, I
found my wife hadn't bankrupted me,
so we had supper there and then
wended our way to the Border and the
Customs who allowed my purchases to
come in duty-free but nailed my wife
for $15 on the $80-worth of stuff
she declared.
All in all it was a good day.
Maybe I'11 see you at the next one.
Asa special witness to
The President's War on DOS Committee,
Bill the Cat reveals his sordid past
never wanted to hurt
e "At first, I just did it on weekends,
with my friends, you know? We
anyone. The
girls loved it. We'd all sit around
the computer and do a little DOS. It
was just a kick. At least that's what
we thought. Then it got worse.
It got so I'd have to do some DOS during the weekdays. After a while I
couldn't even wake up in the morning without having that crave to go
do DOS. Then it started affecting my job. I would just have to do it
during my break. Maybe a Mode command or two. I eventually started
doing DOS just to get through the day. Of course, it screwed up my
mind so much that I couldn't even function as a normal cat. DOS got
me fired from my job.
I'm lucky today. I've overcome my DOS problem. It wasn't easy. If
you're smart, just don't start. Remember, if a weirdo in a blue suit offers
you some DOS, just say no."
MSDOS...
Just Say No!
14
The ZE erizi Link
lisind the rors ARIZERNIEF
bu ii, Lee
There comes a time when ance Raving
learned the basics of Machine langua ade
Programming, to pursue the quest to write
the ultimate program. For that noble
Efidtavour, we need to eauip ourselves
, t
with the proper tonis.
Fon may years, "BHrtic Enp A atid
"HoGt-Z" were knon af the utilites ta LISE
fon kit A Ti TE Pe oi po latrua ge E roe amit AC:
Bot 4, uitilites
and ditadvantadeocus, Both
in memoru hich limits where
the ZW TS,
adua ATA YEO t=
alia resides
code could be stored. What if we had a
ee which uonid not only allow us to ]
write programs with the editing ease cf
ae pea Hzsembler, but world alsa aiiouw
us to generate code to anu part of usable
memonrg like Hot-z, but without ari. GF i
restrictions? The answer, the cros
ATTEMblEF With the serial link.
i. PC compatibie (with Serial port)
£g. Word Proc cessor fascii text optioni
3. ŠA Cross Assembier fíPseudosam Baz:
4, Hodem program (atcii file send!
De DEVIZ (uriak, Ramdas, optional!
Bn. Tozu5ü8 serial port
fe Hrtic Assembler
Une source for a Zu cross sembler iz
the Vancouver Public Library. "tee Se
A Service Called “Pro-3ig", which it a
collection of PC, fresware and shareware
programs . The pete bee is Called l
Preudosam Cross Assembler ZOZ and 85."
This if a shareware Program which means
is a Small registration fee if
The term “crass assembler’ if used ta
dezcribe this utility because it uses The
PC compatible computer which has a 38323.
Such, 65565, ar Ge CPU, depending on
whether it's a PC, XT, AT, PS/2 ETC, to
generate code for the Z230 CPU, which the
£xTS has.
Let's begin with a demonstration. We're
going to put together to short. programs
“Tigan Hame'" will prints the name “Timex
Sinclair loa on the screen and "ScPEERn
inwerze" will Change Characters on the
screen ta its inverse, Ta make things
interesting, "To2i8QuS Name’ Mill Be
located to address sgairp (Decimal)
-reen Inverse’ to location 127630. Tre
"at its =
data for "Tan Hame'" will be located tc
address 202526. (Choose different 1 5
Titid:
FOLLE
Clumn:
lime:
Addresses if unu don't have 64K.) lite the
Word processor eG produce this file Which
WE Wil] call "trial.asm" It is written in
the format required by Preudofam Sr.
dE T21888 Name re
$ Jr d E e,
Set. Chr 2
Hove ch.
; countr.
; Pointer.
; Bet character.
; Print it.
; Update pointer.
é
z
djnz prat PO it again until
ret MESSY if finish.:
;———-——4 Screen Inverse > =-
20° 22758
Find
start of screen,
Set. ras counter,
aet col. ed
Change £ £
normal
Characters
ta
inverse ard
inverze
Characters
to
normal.
Pata
ld L, cd
ld k, 32
d à, ihi}
dd à 123
"WE x a ou
D zi c.
T s
m s
nt
w^
De
hu
feo o "e o *w 6 e e ^w e ^e o ^o o NE "e o Ne o Se e e e No
oo:
.
: Gra 49752
KEEN
pe
à
2:46 h'b3.h'ae, bi b2,h'aa,h'bd,h'8a8
«db 56,46,51, 48, 49, 38,48,55, 4
2b 29,28, 28 2a, ea
s £d
2
Ye Word processor must be able, or
D fhe option, ta BENEFALTE a pure Aatcii
Tile. ANY additional code embeded : uli
conruse the assembler,
The Preudoasam version it different FROM
MOST assemblers. Tt is based an the br Ui
Sustem U'" assembler sumtax. Notice the
USE Of lower Case letters, colons Which
Follow after see and periods which
precede pseudc-ops
Fseudo-ops are instructions used ta
inform the assembler. "Org «address;
tells the assembler that the Folia d
Code are to be written for thi £ starting
iaddress “iS allows us ta ehe Case Where
ja ag to Pee eee Our code. He cou iid even
ist SS an the ksma Ee
imlike the Artic ns embler. all number
c Concidenred decimis unless specifi
theruise and instructions are written. in
CO Da
a
the traditional Zilog format. Hotice the
A1 used to designate hex numbers and
commas used in the instruction "jn
nz,.clumm'.
Arter this File if produced, assemble
it With the cross assembler, Issue this
command from DOS,
assez trial.afm
hich Will produce tuc neu Files.
irial.l5t. and trial.ohj.
Trial.lst contains the program listiny
from triasl.asih with the assembled code
and their addresses in their retpected
columns, If anu errors were reported Ti
3
thc assembling, the assembler will alea
mark its location in this file.
Trial.obj; contains just the assembled
hex Codes arranged in that if krnouti ac
the "Intel Hex" format. Here's what it
iooks like isaueezed into di columns. ił
| 62 330D8BE142180CA7ED?231GFBC952
| la8eaoDaPHOCADPD3ORISUSDO7ECOBOT72310r023
el
: Gds0loBB8AD2AF3C083 LX
LCE EE EELER OG
1E
: ddco190u1C1C1Ca0DE
This file is divided into blocks, Each
contains “= foalioWwind information
n this order,
i. H colon which marks the beginning oF
fach block.
Z. A number which indicates how manu
assembled “program” hex digits sre in
the block, “OR means the end of the
fil& if reached,
3. The starting addrezt FON Where The
code thould be stored.
4. A "ag" hex digits. thot used.)
5. Hesembled hex cadet in the block.
5. The Checksum. This iz the thois
complement ior if uou prefer, the
neaative value! oF all the digits
in the block added together. It iz
used for detecting errors in the file
transfer.
The PC will use the modem program tc
transfer this File over to the ZX-.T3
t i^
"€
n
A
d will be 4380 baud, 3 data bits, mno
d
&
Kata ga. the Se link. UTE bBrotocal
po
saritua, 2 stop bit and us ind the “RACIT
send’ method. Fach character in the file
if sept one at a time until the entire
CO of the file is received,
The ZXVTS will rewire a program whith
Will accept and extract the necessary
information from the file. tise the Artic
Assembler to create “A3JBZ obj File
loader" fhis program will run when the
command “RAHD USR 15515." is issued.
poke
error
16
BAZ obj
; This program will load nH8Gz'c
; Ghy files from the PC to Ger
; £X*61/TS1eee,
| CP Sa
ae: mZ fStrt ;
call Gute
cp e
jr z exit
Call 'abyte
call gbyte
id thi},a
inc ki
dinz poke
call gbyte
Jr Z fstrt
1 d a. A Ag
Call trans
ld hl,errm
Jr print
ld b,84
Call Gute
dinz echek
JP nz error
id hl,dowunm
"we o» De e "o a "ho o "o o "ro o "o o "o o "o o "o o "o o o o "on
A
Dep o oos Wee P n "o 2n e
we s s Deg n n
“ee Dee n n n" n
Deg o Deg € tn n
Des e fen a "o "on Poo fw n fon NW n
File Loader
h
nu
GO ta fast made.
Clear BR.
Clear
Checkzum counter,
Reset.
the
serial
port. z
Set mode, 83,.n,1,
16x baud rate factr.
Set command to start
communication.
Search For
the beginning
OF the block,
Is this
the end
CF the file?
Find # of hex digits
to receive in block.
Find
the code.
Load
the block
OF rode
to memory.
Continue only if the
CHECKSUM is Correct?
Discontinue
send.
Report
final
diditsz
is Checksum correct?
ecport dload cplete.
Print.
the
RES face
an the
screen,
co ta Sjok mode,
Return to BASIC.,
doute call the: ; Get
rica :
rica ; feast.
rica ; Significant
rica > nibble.
id d,a ; Save it,
Call ghe ; Bet LS nibble.
add a,d . Add Man to ian,
ld d 3 A 2 Save hex e ute.
add a,c , Update
ld Ce > Checkzum.
id a,d , Get hex bute.
ret.
tex Call recy ; Get ASCIT character.
sub au L| if it is a ASC L hii. 3
cp Ga ; convert it to
rev £ ; its bës value.
sub G7 ; If it if a ACIO iet.
ret. ; cwert to hex val.
recy in A, de ; Has
bit l,a ; Character
jr z recy o A arrived?
in a,7a ; Get it.
ret.
trans push af ; SAVE Character.
tstat in a, dé ; €
bit G,a > it time
rz ts tat ; toa send?
POP a+ A Get the Charact `e
out. Y Fe SE 2 Send ito
ret.
errm “< error detected »"
domm “download completed"
o_o ENB ——————-—-i
This program also switches the zZX/T35 te
the fast mode to operate at the hicher
baud rates. Once the assembled P oS an if
loaded or if an error is detected, E
ZX/T85 is Switched back ta the slow m
A message wil] be printed on the Screen
to inform if the transfer was successful
or not. Remember to set the serial port
dip switches for 4288 baud.
khat mau make this listing hard to
Follow if that,
i. Hex codes in the .obi file are ati
made up of twa ascii Characters. The
loader has to convert each pair o£
aSCii Characters back to its original
hex value.
and then added to the checksum. If the
result is “89” (ignoring the carru},
then errors did not occur in the
transfer.
The program also intializes the Pa
port and tracks the incomind and outan
data. If there is interests on this
topic, WE'lI cover it in a Future
article,
Now let's see if our demonstration
program is really loaded into the Zx-+TS
Run this BASIC program. Use the addresses
that you've selected for the afsemkiy.
you chosed different ones.
18 rand usr S817
15 print | |
cu gosub ie
3B rand usr 3275&£
dg gosub i88
Fe goto 18
lGg for ci to i
138 next c
128 return
The name "Timex Sinclair 18989 will be
printed onto each line on the screen as
it switches between normal and inverse.
What makes this sustem work so well is
that most Word processors are der i GT Give
for editing. Features like block MOVES,
block saves and word searches provides a
real creative environment. In addition,
the obj loader can also be rewritten to
reside in low or in high memory. This
allows REM statements in the “BASIC are
to store code. There are some excellent
Machine code routines available for
generating big REM statements. Look for
them in the club library.
What in store for the upcoming issues
We'll find a say ta get Hot-z to
difassemble code for PreudaSam Suz, turn
the TS352048
We mau even cover how to program the
serial port itself. In the meantime Iii
be on the look out for your ultimate
programe
17
into a printer for the PC. an
QL MENUE
by
Butch Weinberg
PDS DOC
Well, this time a little
something on my "menue"
program. I originally wrote
SO 1
it
could go back and forth
between a group of my programs
without having to stop and type
in individual LOAD commands.
The
"menue" program is written
in QL SuperBASIC. The following
LIST
CUrr
Publ
prog
are
ing is the program
ently found in our CATUG
ic Domain Library (the
rams included in the "menu"
also available in the CATUG
PDL).
10
19
20
30
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
140
200
220
221
222
240
260
REMark menu for multiple
programs
PAPER 7: INK 4
CLS: CSIZE 2,1: PRINT\ TO
12; 'MENU'
CSIZE 0,0
CS12E: 0, 1:
"Programs
CSIZE 0,0
PRINT\ TO 10;
'1» Check Wrighter'
PRINT TO 10;'2» Banner?
PRINT TO 10;
'3> Spin The Bottle'
PRINT TO 10;'4» Listing (fo
merging only)'
PRINT TO 10;'5» Poster
Maker'
PRINT TO 10;'9» TO QUIT'
PRINT #0O;'press the # of
the one you want'
inS-INKEYS (-1)
in=in$
ON in GO TO 240, 260, 280,
300; 320, 380. 220, 360
CLS: CSIZE “2,1 + PRINT \\
TO 10; 'LOADING'NX TO 3;
"CHECK WRIGHTER':
LRUN flpl check: END IF
CLS: CSIZE 2,1: PRINT\\
TO 10; 'LOADING'\\ TO 3;
'BANNER': LRUN flpl banner
END IF
PRINT\ TO 10,
on this cart.'
pr 90 issue of the
of the Chicago Area
Reprinted from the Mar/A
"Nite-Time News", the n/l
T/S Users Group.
18
version of this program
access two
LOAD a total of 18 files.
280 CLS: CSIZE 2,1: PRINT\\
TO 10; 'LOADING'\\ TO 3;
"SPIN THE BOTTLE':
LRUN flpl stb: END IF
CLS: CSIZE 2,1:
PRINT\\ TO 10; 'LOADING'NN
TO 3; 'LISTING':
LRUN flpl listing: END IF
CES: CSIZE Zèl:
PRINT\\ TO 10; 'LOADING'NN
TO 3; 'POSTER MAKER':
LRUN flpl poster maker:
END IF
PAPER 7: INK 2: Cho:
CSIZE 2,1: PRINT\\\\ TO 4;
'OK YOU ARE BACK IN BASIC'
END IF
300
320
360
Modify this program by changing
the names in the PRINT and LOAD
statements to correspond
your own programs.
to
have further modified a,
to
"screen pages” to
DIRECTORY TO PRINTER
PDS DOC
by
Butch Weinberg
Well, as promised, here is some
information on my "Dri dir"
program in the CATUG Public
Domain library.
"Pri dir" isa simple utility
written in QL SuperBASIC that
allows you to send a directory
of the contents your disks
directly to your printer. It is
for people like me who are lazy
or who can't type and want to
have printed directories of
their magnetic storage.
10 OPEN#3, serl
20 DIR#3; flp2_
25 PRINT#3
30 PRINT#0; 'MORE?'
the
go Area
Reprinted from the Jan/Feb 90 issue of
"Nite-Time News", the n/l of the Chica
T/S Users Group.
40 more$=INKEYS (-1)
50 IF more$-'y' OR more$-'y'
THEN GO TO 20 :ELSE
60 PRINT#3, CHRS$(12);:
CLOSE#3: STOP
If you wish to make directories
from one of your microdrives,
then change the device name in
‘Line 20" to "mdvl " or "mdv2 "
as appropriate. Of course, you
could add a PROcedure which
allows for more convenient
storage device selection.
QL Australia - October 1989
File-Saver Alarm
With the QL's tendency to lock-up (a problem
experienced by most owners sooner or later), it's a
good idea to periodically save your work to disk or
microdrive. That way, vou should lose only that
work done since the last save.
The simplest approach is for the operator to
manually initiate the periodic saves - a simple task
which can be easilv overlooked for long periods.
The following SuperBASIC program - which can be
included in your favourite BOOT program(s) -
might be the answer to your problems. It initiates a
series of alarms at pre-determined intervals. It
doesn't need the current date or time to be set but it
does, however, need Toolkit II to be running. |
100 interval-20:REMark Minutes between alarms
110 session time-5:REMark Session length in hrs
120 times-(session time*60)y/interval: REMark
Number of alarms
130 dS=DATES
140. h=dS(13 TO 14)
150 m=dS(16 TO 17)
160 FOR x=1 TO times
170 m=m+interval
180 IF m>60 THEN m=m-60:h=h+1
190 IF h»24 THEN h=h-24
200 ALARM h.m
210 END FOR x
Adapted from an article by Ed Ki ngsley in BosTUG
Sep/Oct 1989
19
Programming Tips
for the 2068
by Hank Dickson
In honor of the "October is TS
2068 Month" movement, CATS is
happy to present the following
collection of tips, aids, and
utilities which should prove
helpful with any TS 2068
programing. These gems come t
us from the archives of
TIMELINEZ and SINC TIMES:
1. POKE 23609,X
For keyboard click (x= 1 to
255).
2. POKE 23692,2
Use before every print for
automatic scrolling. Works like
the scroll command on the
1000/1500.
3. POKE 23692,1
Another way to control the
scroll. Scrolls 22 lines, then a key
must be pressed for every line.
89 issue of the Capital
Reprinted from the October
4. POKE 23658,8
Puts 2068 in caps mode.
5. POKE 23658,0
Takes 2068 out of caps mode.
6. PAUSE 0
Pause until any key pressed.
7. POKE 23561,* (* » 1 to 35)
Time that a key must be held
down before it repeats. Prefer
10-15 for text.
8. POKE 23562,* (* « 1 to 5)
Delay between successive
repeats of a key being held down.
Use 3 for text.
9. USR 15002
Try this to get out of an infinite
input loop without crashing.
10. DIM A$ (704)
PRINT AT 0,0; OVER 1: PAPER
1; INK 6; A$
Allows you to change paper and
ink color without clearing the screen.
11. PRINT #1; AT 0,2; “HI"
PRINT #2; AT 1,5; "BY"
PAUSE 0
Prints on lines 22 and 23.
12. LOAD ""CODE
RAND USR 33792
For programs that will not load.
Area TS Users Group n/l.
13. LET x-INT(x ! y4.5)/101 y
Use for rounding: x«number to be
rounded, y=number of decimal
places.
14. 1 DEF FN r(x,y)-INT (x*101
y*5)/101 y
2 INPUT "Enter a number Sa
3 INPUT "Round off to ? ":b
5 PRINT FN r (a,b)
Sets the defined function to the
formula used for rounding off:
a-number before rounding,
b=number of decimal places
desired after rounding.
15. INPUT LINE A$
Prevents computer from placing ""
on screen when waiting for input.
Note: Can't use "stop" with this
system, but cap-shift-6 will stop. Bug
in system.
16. PRINT PEEK 236354256 * PEEK
23636
Used to find starting address.
17. PRINT ""
Gives line feed to print statement.
18. RANDOMIZE USR 0
Used to reset computer.
19. INPUT AT 22.0; AT 10,0; "input
value"; a$
Input at any position on screen.
20. 1 FOR I=O to 21
2 FOR X=0 to 31
3 LPRINT SCREENS (I,X)
4 NEXT X l
5 NEXT I ;
Copy screen to printer without
using the copy command.
21. OPEN #2
Sends all data normally destined for
the screen to the printer.
22. CLOSE #2
Cancels above command.
23. 1 LET C=2
2 FOR 1232 to 255
3 PRINT AT 0,0,""
4 PRINT AT 0,0;CHR$ I
5 IF CODE SCREENS (0,0)-0
THEN PRINT AT AC:
CHR4 E LET C=C+2
6 NEXT I
Lists characters not recognized by
the SCREEN$ command.
24. CLEAR 63255
Do this first if you plan to use
UDG"s in a long BASIC program that
will include a video mode change. A
bug in the system will allow a long
BASIC program to overwrite your
UDG’s if RAMTOP is not lowered
first.
25. POKE 23750,0
If you are using cartridge S/W that
can be stopped by the break key, this
will allow you to enter your own basic
lines into RAM. To return to the
cartridge ROMware, POKE
23750,128.
26. POKE 23693,56
To give starting ink color.
27. BASIC STARTS AT 26710.
Explains itself.
28. CAPS SHIFT 3
Scroll two screens when listing.
29. POKE 26711,0
Gives line number 0. POKE
26711,1 to change line 0 to 1.
30. POKE 23659,0
To use all 24 lines (making a
program unstoppable), POKE 23659,
2 resets. (Use with "inkeys" only,
INPUT resets.)
31. POKE 26710,255
Used to make lines disappear
(makes line NO. over 9999). POKE
26710,0 will reset.
32. INK OR PAPER 9
Gives contrasting base color.
33. 'E' MODE/CAPS SHIFT AND A
COLOR 1-7
Gives ink color in listing.
34. "E" MODE/UNSHIFTED AND A
COLOR 1 - 7
Gives paper color (go back to
original color at the end of the line; if
not, all the lines will be the same
color).
35. 1 INPUT "COMMENT"; A$;
CHR$ 13; "COMMENT"; B$
2 PRINT "COMMENT"; A$;
CHR$; 13; "COMMENT"; B$
Example of double inputs.
36. 9000 for I=I to 200
9010 BORDER 1:BORDER
2: BORDER 3:BORDER 4:BORDER
5:BORDER 6:BORDER 0:BORDER
PAUSE 1
9020 NEXT I:RETURN
Go sub9000 for a striped border.
37. POKE 23617,236
Used to get a question mark cursor
displayed in input statements.
38 Print 40; COMMENT"*;PAUSE 0
Use to print on line 24.
Reprinted from the July/Aug 90 issue of "The
Plotter" the n/l of the CCAT/S User Group.
PRODUCT REVIEW
SPECTRUM EMULATOR FOR 2068
BY Jack Dohany
PRICE: $15.00 * $3.00 8 & H
There have been several Spectrum
emulators on the market over the
years. It seems that once the
subject is covered it is old news.
This one simply replaces the
original 2068 ROM with an error-
corrected Timex Sinclair-Spectrum
ROM. The EPROM
operating program in separate 16K
sections. The selection is by an
installed switch.
Mechanically, some work is required
on the computer to make the change.
The top cover is removed and the
switch installation is made in the
bottom case next to the right game
Dort. This requires drilling 2
small screw holes plus cutting out
a slot for the switch slide.
The original ROM is removed and
replaced with the new one.
Instructions are explicit for this
plus the switch installation and a
small soldering job.
There are two jumpers about in the
middle of the circuit board labeled
Wl and W2 that require cutting a
carries each
20
lead of each. The soldered in leads
can be removed from the top side
but it requires only 3 screws to be
removed and a better job can be
done from the trace side. A 2 diode
prewired insert is provided for
replacement. The leads are even
nicely bent to fit. This unit has
3 leads.
It is sure nice to do editing of
long lines and not have the cursor
stumble on the DELETE. Part of this
change requires DELETE to be
obtained with Ss+0 in place of
CS+0. Erase is still with CS+0. The
cursor rips along as it should.
Thus for $18.00 (order other
products and save $3.00) you get an
emulator that works with Larken and
Oliger drives without software. Now
I can use the Larken system in
Spectrum mode as the cartridge port
is free. These 2 systems can be
1nitialized and used at will in
either mode. However, the computer
must be turned on in either
Sinclair or Spectrum mode.
Send to Jack Dohany
390 Rutherford Ave.
Redwood City, CA 94061 for details
and ordering information.
By: Dick Wagner
Reprinte
In
lè VOLT HODIFICRT OH
This little mod, helps clean
up the picture and the con-
puter runs cooler, especially if
you have more than one
peripheral attached,
Using proper care open your
beloved 2068, Using figure tt,
find the 18L12 voltage reg-
ulator, It looks Tike an
ordinary transister (only good
for millianps), Using great care
renove it, Hake sure the holes
are cleaned out, Hou install the
19H12 (larger for more current),
Radio Shack part 4216-1771 about
$1,280, Use figure #2, note that
it is the BACK of the regulator
that should be facing up,
Hou for the test,
everything away fron the cir-
cuit board, uithout the keyboard
attached, pouer up. Your 2868
should display the copyright
notice, If it does not, pouer
off imnediately!! Check the
orientation of the 7812. If you
have a volt meter check the
input and output,
After all goes well put your
2068 back together and gaze into
your nice clean picture,
By William E. MCKeluey
Hove |
INSIDE YOUR 2068
RF MODULATOR
Joystick |
ET ge.
Figure $1
RF MODULATOR
Joystick
UL ae.
78H12 OUT
back is facing UP
Figure #2
Inspired by Tim Stoddard
TIME DESIGNS Vol.3 No.5
rinted from the Jan/Feb 90 issue of th
diana T/S Newsletter `
21
HARING THE
LOGOZAXKXIFI
EVEN
SETE
Reprinted from the Jan 90 issue of SWYM, the n/!
of the Seattle Area T/S Users Group.
ZG da Zeene Fosk
Those of you reading this art-
icle who are users of the Z2X—81
must be the world’s most patient
people or are already using some
of the improvements on your com-
vutenr.
The ZX—81 was designed to be
marketed as an entru-level com—
puter. Thus, the small memory,
the use of a TU f or a display
and the use of a portable, mono-
Phonic tape recorder for perma-—
nent. storage. Many optional add
ons are available to the ouner
who wishes to go beyond the min-
imal machine. The use of a TU
was a reasonable decision be-
cause of the relatively high
price of a monitor. But, by let-
ting the owner use any tape pre-
corder available, Sinclair lost
control of the quality of the
resulting system. The tape IZO
had to be made slow in order to
acheive any degree of reliabil-—
ity.
When I first tried my computer,
I read all the instructions in
the user manual and those sug-
gestions provided with the com—
. mercial programs. When loading
the small programs into a 2k
memory, there were few problems.
As the programs got larger, to
fill my add-on, 16K memory, the
problem frequency increased. A—
bout this time,I joined the com-
puter club and many helpful sug-
gestions were received. I tried
various volume settings, tone
control variations, removing the
"eap" connection when LOADing
and the "mic" when SAVEing, but
problems persisted. Head align-
ment was not the problem, either
because I could read commercial
tapes much better than those I
had written. This was my first
Productive clue towards solving
the problems. By examining the
output of commercial tapes with
an oscilloscope and comparing
them with the tapes written by
22
the computer, a nice pattern of
square waves showed from the
commercial tape with higher amp-
litudes, versus distorted square
waves with much electrical
"noise" on the home-grown
versions. In an effort to get a
high enough amplitude from a
weak signal, I was amplifying
the noise, as well. Referring to
Fig.1 on the next page, the so-
lution was to reduce the resist-
ance of R29 by parallelling it
with Re9A and adding CIZA across
Gifs These changes permitted me
to record at a lower level,where
distortion was less and the
square wave signal was much lar-
ger than the noise.
When reading tapes into the
computer, I found the signal was
greatly attenuated before reach-
ing pin 20 on the Sinclair Logic
Array. This was caused by the
low resistance of R34, shunting
it to ground, so I replaced the
&10—ohm resistor with a 4700-ohm
resistor I call R34A. These
changes solved all my tape reli-
ability problems. However, the
component values used in these
changes may not be the best for
should be
eliminate
your tape recorder but
a starting place to
the problems.
I was also being bothered by
the large TU I was using and the
Jittery, waving lines displayed
on it. I obtained a used mon-
itor and attached it as shown on
the schematic, using a single-
pole-double-throw switch, a re-
Sistor, an NPN transistor and an
extra RCA jack. This was a great
improvement, but there were still
a wavy pattern on the face of
the tube, when I was using the
16K add-on memory. It turns out
that it was caused bu the oscil-
lator in the memory feeding back
on the S-volt power buss. Put-
ting C4A across C4 solved this
and now the display is steady as
a rock.
Another useful change, mention-
ed in several articles, is to
add a reset switch SO that it
isn’t necessary to pull the 9 -—
volt plug or shut off the DC
power to clear the computer when
it hangs up. This is shown con-
nected to the junction of Ri5S/C5S
and pin 26 of the 280A, which
also goes to the edge connector.
This should be a normally-—open
momentary-contact switch.
= a e
e
acl USQUMA) PLIBUINDOG] BzTS
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DI
i--ai: T a-zsatza
118 IF x5-255 GE xi(-8 THEH LET
xi=-xi: LET x-x*xl
iz8 IF b;-l75 GE hi-B THEN LET
bl=-bi: LET b=bthi
i38 I fer DE ut=8 THEN LET
gi=-yi: LET y=y+yi
135 HEXT =
i3? HEXT Q
133 EEH ABT
288 LET PAPEB-IHT (EHhÈT?): HAHN
GHIZE . LET IHE-IHT (HND#7:): BOR
DER PAPER: CLS : PAPER PAPER: L
2 : LHK INK: CLS
285 IF IHK-PAPEZ ANN IHK-B THEN
GO TB 287
285 IF INK(S ANN IHE-PAPER THER
LET INK-INK+3: IBE IHK: CLS : G
G TG 218
BH IF THKCOPAPER THEN 60 TO 21
288 LET IHK-INK+I: IHK IHK: CLS
Sebz^dl issue Harrisbura ares 218 LET a-IHT (EHDE255): LET b=
lisex Sinclair Users Group news IHT (EHNDÈITS)
letter HATS. ` 228 LET x-IHT (ENBEZSS): LET y=
2 FOR @=1 TO 25 INT (END£1T5) .
3 50 TO 288 238 LET al-2: LET bi-2: LET xi-=
48 60 TO 58 4: LET yl=4
68 FOR z-l TO 288 248 60 TO 68
52 PLOT a,b: DRAW x-a,y-b 338 STOP
78 LET a=atal: LET b-bthl _#33 PRINT f4: SAGE "BET.H1" LIH
88 LET x-xtxl: LET u-ytul E
188 IF a>=255 op at=6 THEN LET SESS PORER P: -INK 7
WILL ERASABLE OPTICAL DISKS REPLACE HARD DISKS?
HE INTRODUCTION OF
the Next Computer with a
Canon Inc. 5.25-in. erasable optical
drive as its primary storage surprised
many. Erasable optical disks are still
two to six times slower than hard
disks for most tasks, and Next Com-
puter Inc. has added a 40-Mbyte “ac-
celerator" hard-disk drive to speed
things up. Even Next concedes that
faster optical drives are needed if op-
tical is to be used as primary storage,
although the Redwood City, Calif.,
company plans to stick for now with
the Canon unit.
To challenge hard disks in desktop
and fileserver machines, rewritable
optical technologies must leap several
hurdles. One is eliminating “two-
pass” writing, in which the drive
must perform two passes over the
disk—first to erase by writing Os
where the new data will go and then
Is to represent the data. Achieving
what is called direct overwrite and
shrinking the weight of the read/
write head will boost speed. Also,
“we need to spin the disk faster, push
the data through the [input/output]
channel faster, and put both sides on
line,” says Jay Bretzmann, senior mar-
ket analyst at International Data
Corp., Framingham, Mass.
“Five years from now we'll see
new types of direct-overwrite materi-
als—either magneto optical or phase
change,” says Gordon Knight, vice
president of engineering at Maxoptix,
San Jose, Calif. Phase change, an al-
ternative erasable optical technology,
still lacks infinite erasability, Knight
points out. Rather than rely on mag-
netics to record bits, in phase change
the writing laser heats spots on a met-
al layer in the disk, changing them
from an amorphous to a crystalline
state and back again.
"Erasable optical can't compete with
Winchesters until the mid-1990s," con-
curs Barry Donahue, vice president of
Toshiba America's Disk Product Divi-
sion in Irvine, Calif. "Two-pass erasable
is niche-market-oriented, and on-pass
rewritable is three years away." He says
the company is working with two oth-
er technologies, but declines to say
what they are.
Besides undergoing technological
changes, optical drives are headed for
smaller sizes. Several companies, IBM
ELECTRONICS € MARCH 1990
Corp. and Sony Corp. among them,
are working on one-sided 3.5-in.
units. The disks, which hold about
120 Mbytes, seemed aimed squarely
at the desktop.
Notwithstanding the obstacles,
drive makers and system manufactur.
ers are optimistic about optical's pros-
pects. "Within the next five years,
rewritable optical will meet or exceed
the performance of today's hard
disks," says Bob Mueller, vice presi-
dent of Sony America Corp.'s Rewrita-
ble Optical Products Division in Park
Ridge, N. J. For one thing, hard disks
are close to reaching the upper limits
of their capacity in terms of density,
and optical is not.
To users, optical offers the lure of
potentially huge capacity and ease of
use for archiving, imaging, and other
tasks. "Some studies show that 9796
of all the information in the world is
off line on either microfiche or pa-
per," says Bill Boles, product manag-
er for Hewlett-Packard Co.'s Greeley
Storage Division in Greeley, Colo.
"There's a huge opportunity for keep-
ing that data on line in an optical
storage medium.”—S. V. T.
QL Australia June 1990
QDOS vs Other Operating Systems
The QL is over seven years old now and
many of you well be Jabouring under the
belief that the QL’s operating system,
QDOS (QL Disk Operating System), may
be a little lacking in capability and
features. It is certainly true that it doesn’t
have that many bells and whistles when
compared with the latest offerings in the
microcomputer world, but the basic
system was very impressive for its time.
Over the next few months I'll be looking
at some of QDOSs features in detail.
So what does QDOS have to offer? The
first amazing feature is (I'll be using
present tense throughout this entire
article) multitasking. Some of you no
doubt are asking... what is multitasking?
It will not surprise any of you that a
computer’s CPU is capable of only doing
one thing (or instruction) at any one
instant... [For the pedants out there, I'll
only be considering single processor
systems in this article.) However a
microprocessor can operate at speeds
usually measured in hundreds of
thousands (or even millions) of
instructions per second, and thus it is
possible to make it seem (to the user, or
maybe even users) that the CPU is doing
more than one thing at a time. This is
achieved by time-slicing the CPU.
At a fixed interval, which on the QL is at
the TV/monitor vertical sync rate, 50 Hz
(in the US it is 60 Hz), the CPU is
interrupted. A special piece of code,
known as the scheduler, looks at all of the
jobs in the machine and determines (using
priorities) which one should get the next
time slice. [If there is only one job then
this job will get the CPU all to itself.] 1f
the scheduler decides that another job:
should have a turn, then it performs a
context switch. This means that the
operating system will save the contents of
al registers for the current job
somewhere in memory, and then reload
the registers with the previously saved
state of the other job that is about to be
run. Each job proceeds as though it has
the CPU all to itself, and it is the
responsibility of the operating system to
perform all of the necessary housekeeping
to keep everything running smoothly.
This setup would be fine if each job only
required the CPU and did not have any
real world contact, ie input/output. What
should happen when a job is waiting for
input (or even output, eg. microdrives)?
Should the CPU go into a loop waiting
for the input to appear, or is it possible to
let the CPU get on with something
constructive. What most proper operating :
systems (including QDOS) will do is
mark the job as ‘waiting for I/O’. This
means that the scheduler will not consider
the job at the next interrupt. The job will
be reconsidered for a time-slice only
when the UO is ready (ie for reads: the
data is waiting, and for writes: the data
has been written). This method of
operation ensures that the CPU is always
being used for real work...
There are other problems as well...
Should a job be able to access memory (ie
RAM) apart from the area directly used
by itself? In most cases the answer will be
no and so we need some way of stopping
such illegal accesses. This requires
hardware, typically in the CPU. The
operating system, before passing
execution back to a user program (the one
which is about to get the next time-slice),
sets up the memory limits for the job.
Should the job attempt to access memory
outside of these limits then a special
interrupt, usually called a Illegal Access
Exception (or perhaps a Segmentation
Violation), will occur. At this point the
operating system will intervene and
remove the offending job.. It is not
possible for the job to change the memory
limits because this is something that only
the operating system can do. [In fact an
attempt to do so would cause another
special interrupt - a Privilege Violation!]
The QL does NOT contain this special
hardware and thus it is possible to do
naughty things to other jobs in the QLs
memory! It also means that faulty jobs
can crash the machine...
What are the benefits of multitasking? It
really is quite useful to be able to do more
than one thing at once... For example it is
possible to edit one file whilst compiling
another.. Another example is that you
can print a file out on the printer while
doing something else... [It is true that it is
possible to print out a file on a MS-DOS
computer (a non multitasking operating
system) while doing something else; but
this requires trickery in the form of
interrupt catching. The solution is
nowhere near as elegant as the
multitasking solution...]
There is another big feature: of
multitasking - the ability to create pipes.
The idea behind pipelines is that to
perform some task you use a number of
programs; the data passes through all
programs in turn. The alternative is to just
have one BIG program which does
everything; the problem with big
programs is that they are difficul/costly
to write and/or maintain... I'll talk more
about pipes when I have covered input
and output, which I'll probably talk about
next month.
Lastly, it must be said that multitasking is
viewed by software writers as being
important enough to require a new
operating system to be released... OS/2
was developed for two reasons... (a)
multitasking, and (b) a more standard
windowing environment.
David Burns
25
26
PCCFA
Yes, the Pacific Coast Computer Fair Association lives. Following our membership
drive this spring, enough new members joined the PCCFA to allow the association to
continue. The first project of the new, improved PCCFA will be the 1990 Pacific
Coast Computer Fair. What we need most right now is publicity, so please pass the
following information to the members of your group and anybody else who might be
interested.
The 1990 Pacific Coast Computer Fair and Swap Meet will be held on Saturday
October 20th at the McPherson Centre, one week later than we originally planned.
The Fair will feature the usual swap meet and user group tables and a (we hope) a
variety of interesting speakers. Since this is the tenth anniversary of our first
computer fair, we are also working on a few things to make this year's fair something
a little bit special.
As you are probably aware, the Pacific Coast Computer Fair is organized by the
Pacific Coast Computer Fair Association, a non-profit group of computer users. We
are always looking for volunteers to help in planning our events or at the events
themselves. Anyone interested in participating in the association is invited to call me
at 421-6535 (home).
Since past experience shows that the computer fair always seems to arrive a month
before we expect it, it is never too early to begin planning your user group display.
As always, we will be providing tables for non-commercial user group displays at no
charge. Your group’s representative(s) in the PCCFA will be handling most of the
coordination between your group and the association. If you do not have a
representative regularly attending PCCFA meetings, we urge you to find one, since
user group representation in the association is vital if the PCCFA is to be responsive
to your needs. If you simply cannot find someone to attend the meetings (or if you
have any questions), please contact me at the number given above.
Finally, you may have heard of an event being billed as the "Computer Fest and Swap
Meet", which is scheduled to take place at the end of September at the McPherson
Centre. Despite the similarities of date, location, and even name, this event is in no
way associated with the Pacific Coast Computer Fair or the PCCFA. It is a
commercial venture being run by the same people who held shows at the old Expo site
last fall and McPherson Centre last spring. We expect to see a lot of confusion
regarding these two events, so we are asking you to help spread the word.
If you have any questions about the Fair or the PCCFA that are not answered by this
letter or the enclosed flyer, please call me at 421-6535. —
Brian Smith
PACIFIC COAST COMPUTER FAIR ASSOCIATION
P.O. BOX 80866 SOUTH BURNABY POST OFFICE. B.C. CANADA V5H 3Y
"Me Original
4 PACIFIC
COAST
GR Lang COMPUTER
ZC REA FAIR A
OCTOBER 20th
M eee
Me
Ge Nee L LAKE KEK EN LORELEI
4325 MCPHERSON AVENUE, BURNABY, B.C.
. FEATURING
e Speakers
e User Groups
e Door Prizes M" z |
* New & Used Equipment ECT
e Cake 8 Refreshments |
GENERAL ADMISSION ONLY $2
SPONSORED BY THE
TABLES PACIFIC COAST
$25 Before October 1 COMPUTER FAIR
. $35 Thereafter ASSOCIATION
TABLE PRE-REGISTRATION
PHONE: 590-4588 INFO LINE: 879-9871
ACCESS
27
The last three
rautine are missi
instructions in this
ng from the “keyboard
test" article that | submitted for the
March ‘90 newsletter.
print call inkey
cp stop
jr 2 exit
cp enter
jr z nline
cp rnd
jr nc print
Id hl,rcoun
ld b (hl)
Id hl flin2 1)
ld (hl),a
inc hi
djnz svpos
nline call scrii
jr stpos
get key.
;do you want
sto quit?
as ita
newline’?
sis ita
jleg! char?
;get
;print
;position.
;print
;character.
jf row is
;finish,
sthen
;make a new
line.
Can you add the corrections in the
next newsletter?
Vince
28
T
HE QUAINTLY-NAMED Happydays is a
calendar program which will tell you the day of
the week for any given date, as long as it falls
after the introduction of the Julian calendar. That will
almost certainly include all of our readers' birthdays, SO
the program is a good opportunity to discover if you are
merry and gay, or work hard for a living, according to.
the old rhyme. — )
Enter the day and month as figures, and the year in
full, e.g. 1985. Happydays was written by Hsieh Min
Hon of Singapore and runs on the ZX-81 in iK.
PRINT “DAY?”
INPUT D. -
PRINT “MONTH?”
INPUT HM
PRINT “YEART" Á :
INPUT Y "
LET KzINT (.6+(1/M)}
LET LzY-k
LET: üzM4i2z2x«kH
LET FP=L7isd
LET A=INT. iP/4!
LET B=INT (Di
LET C=zINT ( (S#L) 741
LET E=INT (134(@41) A5)
LET Z=E+C-B+A+D-1 - `
L Pe (Fo ( FEIN (277) 33 42
PhINT SA Sr S =
IF Z-i THEN PRINT “SUNDAY”
IF Zz2 THEN PRINT “MONDAY”
IF Z=3 THEN PRINT "TUESDHY"
IF Z-4 THEN PRINT “WEDNESDA
IF Z-4 THEN PRINT “THURSDAY
IF Z=5 THEN PRINT “FRIDAY -
IF Zap THEN PRINT "SHTURDHY
al OK
- oT e, -—
d mT mä
Af: dap ale Ai $33
H £f. = = LI
i wx z z : £. i- E i
ki ee — - - A
ES sa pa Le * i T 3 Zem —
Z sere n T "X d E
a ZS P. i le M AČ O F i
ge = f m = z -—
Es = ge i: H H 3 8 E
ds Ben 2 a" i = - — —
= fi Sp g bs = m. as H
cl se A. i " C L T. = i7
yen, ye i f T we
Yon H i : Ll T 3
is 1 i i 5. Se d > S
i od ETC SB T = T £i
-— bw Te dan Bn A p H Send
dE kA D = i = = = ii
accu. PO 12 — LO Fi X o" r l
: 7 z ORBE p Si GI ii
m" -i — i i i = n
du vm = a ES ECTS
uw. $T" fj SA d = Zä H F
wi -— — — — -— 3
sé . ER d
n a Se, iis, = - c= Liz ata 7T
Wetz ii? dz Hit- 3648 at
Dol re e mro
iii €cLtluiil,
PII TAL DR IZONTAJ
VERT ALHL;, HOR LZlin i Hi a
anni A Zë ra e = FOR annm
BHOKLBHBBEBDS & FORWARDS.
= = gie
3" ZZ ZZ Ef EH Se fa fa A Tr x
ge 2 D se.
PRE HIDDEN LGRIT E `
MI si oT ge = fi s.
z z 4380529" D GEI =
San — — > kn — -— i M
da: PA, gu» AA, FRA SA b d a 4
JFELIU LADI
TT: iilii
i Eri £ Ri
“ye
Z4
“AE
f wf
7 CC
Leo
152
_— De F,
5i
kè uc
C fa
m m
S do FO F G2
3 CT f C
r
ca EE EE EDE EE EE EE ECL E (3
: (I1 CII C3 CI] GO E CA Fo 63 UT E C
nuc
D
bw o a
kb PPP EU IO Co CO 9 «d CTI CTI CIT CI] fe
p nox mo po po po Fo Ee pou
- Om
e a
TT
d
(m
H
FORE 22658,8
REM
Remove line 50 if y
the hidden words ta
in smail tetters.Th
RELE in debugging
CI S
BORDER 656: PAPER e
CLS
PRINT AT 8,0; INK 2;
IDDEH LUORD"
PRINT INK 3;"
ERHTOR" 77-
XE
4PUT
K. JMR
iF HR +22 THEN E
INPUT “HOU MANY
MAX." MC
AF MC5S16
LET.
LEI
LET.
LET
LET
“HOW MANY
THEN GO
NC=MRENC
P == a» 05 e
Kaz"
Dgz'' H
HL =
DIM M$IMR,MC)
DIM L$ISQ,16)
DIM (20,21
D IM (35,2)
CIM
CIM
CIM
CLS
LET
LET.
LET NU=NU4i
CLS
PRINT “GRID
L; d e
PRINT “You
WORDS" ’ <
HAY
a
f 3
M gp c
Ti
er (ON Ou
ge,
mm
emm DI
2455 PRINT “GRID
100) ; “SO FULL:
2492 PRINT ,FRESS ENTER TUICE un
EN FINISHED": -
25800 PRINT INK 2; "ENTER WORD tZ".
NU; (HAX. S0)" l
2525 IF NU»50 THEN PRINT
PRINT “MAX. 50 WORDS
IS"; INT (E/NC4
: PRINT
US
EC 3 FRE
55 ENTER."
2340 INPUT ES
ES4S5 IF NUu»50 AND E£-"" THEN GO
TO 2700
eSs@ IF Nu»28 AND Eg$z:"" THEN CL
o : PRINT AT ZK. 8, “YOU MAY NOT U
SE MORE THAN Sa WORDS. RUN TH
= PROGRAM AGAIN.": PAUSE 288: Ru
N se
2551 LET RNU, li =NWU LET Rikti,2i
sl EN E$
eSSe LET RINU, 43) 2NU;: LET BIM är?
LEM E$
29943 LET LIS (NUI -E £
2554 LET E=E+LEN (E$)
2600 IF WS(NuU,1)=" " THEN Go TUO
27288
2650 cO TO 2482
2700 LET WU=NLI-1
2758 FOR I-1 TO 8 READ DiI,i
READ DiI,2): NEXT I
2775 REM
TO make PUZILE ESSiEf hide
words in antiy 4 diréctians
Lise
SO DATA 06,1,1,1,0,.,-1.1i
O,3,2,4;,1;0,-1 4
zog) DATA 86,1,1,1,1,0,1,-1.0.-1
-1,-1,-1,0,-1,1
2905 LET EST=INT (((NC,/1Q0) 4.83 4
(6. 7t (NCS (EA/NC) | “1864.63: 3
sii PRINT AT: 4&,.0;" THE “TIME IT
TAKES TO COMPLETE THE PUZZLE LI
L UARY LIITH THE SIZE OF THE G
ID AND THE HO. OF WORCS LISE OP ae
= 2; INK 2; "TIME INCREASES GRE
` FOR LARGER GRIDS OVER
FULL ai
i PRINT
iz PRINT
« TIME Or “THIS
mnm To ed oe
f
EQ be ZE CL UO KO E A
ER a
2358 PRINT AT 15,0; FLASH 1;"83gT
TING UP THE GRID,PLEASE WAIT"
30090 FOR I=1 TO HR: FOR J=1 To H
C: LET M$(I,J)=P$: NEXT J: NEXT
3050 FOR I=1 TO NC: LET Strip
MEXT I
3188 RANDOMIZE
31580 FOR I-1 To NC
3288 LET GQ-INT (RNDxNC)-1: IF =
9) «20 THEN GO TO 32288 is
258 LET Si(Gi=I
3300 NEXT I
3358 FOR I=1 TO NU: LET atrice
LET UiI)-0: NEXT I
3400 FOR I-1 TO Hü-1
3482 LET J=I
S4Q4 LET T1=R(I+1,1): LET T2=RtI
+1,2)
3406 IF T2«R(J,2) THEN Go TO 3441
AR LET JsJ-
Si IF necs THEN GO TO 3485
3414 LET RiJr1,2) =7 2 LET Rigel
nS Bee ee
Odio NEXT i
3558 FOR I=1 Ta NU
3562 LET Q(I)sR(I,1)
3954 NEXT. I
36900 LET HME seg: LET WASNW: LET FU
zo. LET DIZI
3558 PRINT HT 15,8; INK =;
“STARTING TO FILL THE GRIDC!"'':
3798 FOR N=l TO NCO
3750 LET CPR=SIN). .
3888 LET. CR=INT 0((CP-1)»7HMC)4i: L
ET CC=zCP-(CR-I) =HC `
3850 IF RE CO) PS THEN GO TO
7000
3900 IM WA= a THEN LET Hrz8: GO T
O 6950
3950 LET M$ICR, CC) =Kò
4888 LET DK=1
4050 LET IR= DDI, 43:
La,
an"
LET IC=DI(DI
21
4102 LET RT=1: EE: iR<@ THEN LET
RT=MR -
4150 IF IR=@ THEN LET RT-CR
4200 LET CT-1: IF IC«B THEN LET
MC :
4250 IF IC=@ THEN LET CT-CC
4380 LET BR=CR: LET BC-CC
4358 IF (BR-RT AND IR::8) OR (BC
=CT AND IC<>@) THEN GO TO 4600
4400 REM GO TO 1589
44580 LET BR=BR-IR -
4580 LET BC=BC-IC.
4558 GO TO 4350 |
4600. LET RT-1: IF IR:8 THEN LET.
RT-zMR | SC
48650 IF IR=@ THEN LET AT=CR
47800 LET CT=1: IF IC»8 THEN LET
LT MG.
4750 IF IC-0 THEN LET CT=CC
4800 LET ER=CR: LET EC=CC
4858 IF. (ER-RT AND IR:»8! OR (EC
=CT AND IC<>@) THEN GO TO 5052
4888 LET ER=ER+IR
4358 LET EC=EC+IC
5220 cO TO 4352
20580 LET UR=ER: IF BR>ER THEN LE
T UR=BR. |
5190 LET LR=BR: IF ER:BR THEN LE
5150 LET UC=EC: IF BC>EC THEN LE
5200 LET LC=BC: IF EC:BC THEN LE
3259 LET PR=BR: LET PC-BC: LET 5
538080 LET X$-X5&4H$(PR,PC)
S350 LET PR=PR+IR: LET PC-PC«IC
IF PR>=LR AND PRIzUR AND PC:=LO
AND PC«=UC THEN GO TO 5388
5400 LET PL=LEN (X5)
S452 LET goO=1
S454 LET O$=X$
S456 LET RA$=kKò
S458 GO SUB 5452
5450 LET Dapp
S451 GO TO S300
S452 LET oF=a
S454 IF LEN í(R$)-0 THEN RETURI
S456 IF QO4LEM (R$1-13LEN (as? T
HEN RETURN. ..
2452 IF Q$(00 TO 804LEN iR5)-1)-
R$ THEN GO To 5474
24720 LET QDQ=00+1
5472 GO TO 5466
5474 LET üF-üD
S475 RETURN
5500 FOR L=1 TO P: FOR R=PL To P
S558 LET CH=x$i
: LET CL=LEN 1
5508 LET O=1
. 5658 LET W=O(o)
97988 FOR K=1 TO 15
LI K sa
C
57801 IF HS, Ri = EBEN NEXT K
9702 IF K-1<>CL THEN LET MF=2: G
5750 LET MF=1
45888 FOR C-1 TO CL
3850 IF C$iC)
| =P$ OR C$iC)zK£$ THE
N GO TO 5950
5900 IF C$ (CC) «»usiu,
LET ME sp
THEN LET
58580 NEXT C
6000 IF MF=O THEN GO TO 67590
6050 LET .F5$zUS&(U,1 TO C-1)
. 6100 IF L»1 THEN LET F$=D$4+F8: L
ET L=L-1: GO TO 6120. `
5150 IF R«PL.THEN LET Fe=F $458:
LET R=R+1: GO TO 6152
6200 LET PRz1: LET R=BR: LET Cap
C.
5250 LET Y$= FSiPR TO PR+1- D IF.
Y$=D$ THEN GO TO 6350
(6300 LET M#IR,Cl=¥s
([R=ER AND IRi>0) OR (C=E
63508. IF-
EC AND IC«»0) THEN GO TO 5450 X
5488 LET C=C4iC: LET R=R4IR: LET
PR=PR4+1: GO TO 52590
5458 IF @=WiA THEN GO TO 6558
6508. FOR I=O TO WA-1I: LET íI? =ğ
Se SSO As NEXT I ,
Gu LET WAsUA-1
GGG LET UW) =i
6650 LET R=P:° LET L=P: LET DK =8
07800 POKE- 23692, 255: PRINT “USED
WORD “; NH- ig ie ae NUJ” "HIH:
GO TO 68898
e758 LET O =O+1: IF QzzuH
=< TE. S6589-
5388 NEXT R: NEXT L
5358 LET DI-zDI-i: LET DK-zDK-1: I
F -DEJO THEN LET DIS
52809 IF DR «=3 THEN pe TO 485
THEN GO
6950 IF HE zw THEN LET We
CHRS (INT iRHDs25)-4521: LET FUsr
4+1: POKE. 23692,255: PRINT "USED
A FILL CHHR..";NC-N: GO TU 7828
7000 PRINT “CELLS NOT YET EXHM.
'; NC-N
7650 HEXT M
7893 BEEP 2,38
7180 CES |
7150 RINT RT 23,9; FLASH 3 IHK
3; "PUZZLE COMPLETED" -77
7388 PRINT TAB Z; PRIHTER AND DI
SPLHY SECTION" =~
7588 PRINT
UHERE DO YOU UISH THE PUZZLE
SENE TI
7700 PRINT TAB 4;"(1) SCREEN DIS
PLAY. ONLY’
7800 PRINT TAB 4; ” {2 SEND TO PR
INTER ONLY"
A388 PRINT
aoe E, TAB 4;"(3) SCREEN AN 83952 IF Ag<:"2" THEN PRINT
Dee — ano te Wë VERTICAL, HORIZONTAL, DIRHGONHBI
S650 PRINT “(ENTER 1,2 or 31° BACKURADS & FüRUBRDZ," Cass
81580 INPUT. Ag 9953 IF A$4:"1" THEN LPRINT : LP
8;; OVER i;” LEE TAB -
SEI e VERTICAL, HORIZONTAL, DIAGONA:
bo ee E GM TU PRO AN eae Ge BACKUARDS & FORUBRDS." di
Seis IF Dë: = THEN PRINT AT 15 S960 IF A¢<>"2" THEN PRINT PRI
E ANB 27 OUER lj uev MT "THE HIDDEN WORDS ARÈ:": PORE
d : PAUSE i28: GO TO 2258 23692,255 ido A e E Sò
S220 IF Ag="3" THEN PRINT AT 18 SOS] IF Gee."4" THEN |! DRTHT ==
8; INK 2; OUER 1;" RINT "THE HIDOCEN WORDS ARE. Gli
- : PAUSE 128: GO TO 2488 9962 IF Ag<>"S" THEN PRINT ate
8358 Go TO sese t 255020,088 . TDN tT
3400 CLS GRATIE NAT
Eig. RE "cp OS62 IF H£:2"1" THEN LPRINT
2450 FOR T=1 TO HR e264 For 1 To HU : i
2350 PRINT HIT, i TO ME? S966 IF Ui(I sa PHEN £0 TA oot:
8750 NEXT T 3367 ca TO EE i MOI is i Sera
8754 PRINT 9970 NEXT I .
8755 IF Ag="1" THEN GO TO 9958 9972 GO TO 9958
8358 FOR T=1 TO HR 9974 IF AG<¢:"2" THEN PRINT HET:
28851 LET Us= Kees TR H I i f iii 3 : Ex PI i os kou
8352 FOR C-1 TO MC Dëse IF ¿nan THEN IL DEEN Gert
6854 LET Usseseng it, 23 Yrft IF .H$O»"1" THEN LPRINT Weil
Ch d D 2: 2: Z
8855 LET Uuëzugéi ' 9976 GO TO 5270
S656 NEXT C 29388 PRINT
S8SE LPRINT eo31 IF Ag<>"1" THEN LPRINT
8868 LPRINT ug 9982 PRINT : PRINT “RETURNE TO M
8862 NEXT T ENU? (Y or Hi: Ln
hk IF A¢="2 i HEN GO TO 222i 9984 INPUT As
9950 PRINT ` SES 9986 IF Ag="Y" THEN GO TO 7120
YE Words Are Hidden In EIGHT 998838 IF A¢<>o"N" THEN GO TO 39852
Directions 9997 STOP . de
9951 IF Aer” THEN LPRINT LP 998 CLEAR SAVE “HideRuord”’ LI
The Words Are dee
Directions.
ZXWORD
Hidden In
by Henry
Howartii |
. Exchange for wasp (4)
. Modem perhaps unwelcome when called in (8)
. Aixelsyd (8)
. Following string in the rafters (5)
. Musical ending of a programmer, by the sound of it (4)
. Not a logic gate (8)
. Points to attempt for access (5)
. Somehow cater for debugging (5)
. Albino MI expansion? (8)
. Space for nothing in ROM (4)
. Stored LED, if corrupted (5)
HE E m e . Heaven for Nordic gods (8)
. Royal Exchange with up-market boat to put on che
Ze 2 SE
- E B gee Be . Some absurdly irrational number (4)
imm:
. A million ruined the game (4)
. For it must follow in Basic (4)
. Replace stored information above pen (9)
. Commanded a pair like (x,y) (7)
. SI unit of Information Technology? (7)
. Type of number encountered at junior school (7)
. Input digit for key-strokes? (6) `
. EOF as office wastebin, perhaps (3,2,4)
. Spin to tear (6)
. Strings as substring of both read statements? (7)
. Imperative statement (7)
. Where to browse to get your routines? (7)
. Large in amplitude (4)
. Cut into little bits what are unfair when loaded (4)
solution on page 110
ZXWORD
SOLUTION
T»mooo0o-nm-o0»10
1. Mega
2. NEXT
3. Overwrite
4. Ordered
5. Silicon
6. Primary
10. Finger,
13. End of file
14. Rotate
16. Command
17. Library
21. Loud
15. Threads
22. Dice
Down
5. Swap
7. Receiver
8. Dyslexia
9. After
11. Coda
12. Inverter
13. Entry
15. Trace
18. Binomial
19. Room
20. Filed
23. Valhalla
24. Relaunch
25. Surd
Across
The Vancouver Sinclair Users Group has been in existence since
1982. We are a support group for the owners and users of all
SINCLAIR and TIMEX computers.
Prez:- Gerd Breunung PH (604) 931-5509
V/Prez & N/L Publisher: Rusty Townsend
Scribe:- Harvey Taylor
Treaz. & N/L Editor:- Rod Humphreys
Our membership dues are only $15.00/year and may be sent to the
Treasurer:
Rod Humphreys
2006 Highview Place
Port Moody, B.C., V3H 1N5
Members of VSUG receive a monthly issue of ZXAppeal - our
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NETWORK correspondence may be directed to the Editor at the
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Copyright of all articles appearing in ZXAppeal is retained by the
author with the understanding that other T/S User Groups may
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